Yasni Efyanti
Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Indonesia

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The Illusion of Perfect Ownership: Evaluating Digital Gold via Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah Ratih Farhani Avisya; Yasni Efyanti; Yudesman Yudesman
Al-Qisthu Vol 23 No 2 (2025): Al-Qisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32694/qst.v23i2.5923

Abstract

The expansion of digital financial technologies has shifted gold ownership from physical possession into electronically recorded claims, challenging classical Islamic legal concepts of ownership (al-milk) and possession (qabḍ). This study aims to evaluate the substantive quality of digital gold ownership through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, focusing specifically on the protection of wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl). Employing a qualitative, normative-doctrinal, and analytical design, this research examines contemporary Indonesian regulatory frameworks, Shariah fatwas, and the structural-operational features of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) as a typified case illustration. The findings reveal that digital gold structures in Islamic banking represent an access-based ownership model where the material existence of the asset is fulfilled, yet individual traceability and effective control remain institutionally constrained. Consequently, digital gold ownership is characterized as partial—robust as an abstract economic value representation but fragile at the physical underlying asset level, thereby challenging the realization of milk tāmm (complete ownership). This study offers a novel theoretical framework by shifting the Shariah assessment of digital financial innovations from mere formal-contractual compliance to the substantive density of access-based ownership designs in practice.
The Concept of Substitute Heirs: A Comparative Analysis between the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and Customary Law amongst Muslim Communities in Pemalang Regency Imaro Sidqi; Yasni Efyanti; Rahmad Setyawan; Muh Zaitun Ardi; Doli Witro; Muslih Muslih
Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Al-Mazaahib
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/al-mazaahib.v14i1.4497

Abstract

This study was prompted by conceptual differences regarding substitute heirs between the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and customary law practised by Muslim communities in Pemalang Regency. These differences reflect the dynamics of the application of Islamic inheritance law at the local level, which does not always align with formal legal norms. This study aims to examine the dynamics of the concept of substitute heirs and to analyse them comparatively between the provisions in the KHI and the practices of customary law within the local community. This is a field study employing a socio-legal approach and utilising comparative law theory. Data were collected through observation, interviews with eleven key informants, and a literature review, which were subsequently analysed qualitatively. The findings indicate that the KHI normatively restricts the substitution of heirs to specific conditions as stipulated in Article 185. Conversely, customary law practices amongst the Muslim community in Pemalang Regency permit a grandchild to replace the primary heir (a child) even whilst that heir is still alive; an adopted child may replace their adoptive parent; and a grandchild acting as a substitute heir may restrict (hijab) the share of the inheritance due to the biological siblings of the heir they are replacing. These differences are influenced by deeply rooted social constructs that have developed as a legal culture within the community. The implications of this research indicate that the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) remains an ideal normative reference, whilst customary law functions as a ‘living law’ that is adaptive and responsive to the social needs of the community. Therefore, the relationship between the two cannot be viewed dichotomously, but rather as a dialectic between formal law and ever-evolving social practices. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya perbedaan konseptual mengenai ahli waris pengganti antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) dan hukum adat yang berlaku pada masyarakat Muslim di Kabupaten Pemalang. Perbedaan tersebut merefleksikan dinamika penerapan hukum kewarisan Islam di tingkat lokal yang tidak selalu sejalan dengan norma hukum formal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika konsep ahli waris pengganti serta menganalisisnya secara komparatif antara ketentuan dalam KHI dan praktik hukum adat pada masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan sosio-legal serta menggunakan teori perbandingan hukum. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara terhadap sebelas informan kunci, dan studi literatur, yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KHI secara normatif membatasi penggantian ahli waris hanya pada kondisi tertentu sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 185. Sebaliknya, praktik hukum adat pada masyarakat Muslim di Kabupaten Pemalang, memperbolehkan cucu menggantikan kedudukan ahli waris utama (anak) meskipun ahli waris tersebut masih hidup, anak angkat dapat menggantikan kedudukan orangtua angkatnya dan cucu sebagai ahli waris pengganti dapat membatasi (hijab) bagian harta warisan saudara kandung dari ahli waris yang digantikan. Perbedaan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh konstruksi sosial yang telah mengakar dan berkembang sebagai budaya hukum dalam masyarakat. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa KHI tetap menjadi rujukan normatif yang bersifat ideal, sedangkan hukum adat berfungsi sebagai living law yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan sosial masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, hubungan antara keduanya tidak dapat diposisikan secara dikotomis, melainkan sebagai bentuk dialektika antara hukum formal dan praktik sosial yang terus berkembang.