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All Journal SOSCIED Mandalika Journal of Business and Management Studies
Maria Sofiana Ritan Bunga
Universitas Victory Sorong
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Social Sciences

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Analisis Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) pada Anak Usia 3:11: Studi Kasus Gee di Kota Sorong, Papua Barat Daya Frenny Silvia Pormes; Agustinus Lia Masan; Maria Sofiana Ritan Bunga
SOSCIED Vol 9 No 1 (2026): SOSCIED - Juli 2026
Publisher : LPPM Politeknik Saint Paul Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32531/3vtfw572

Abstract

This study aims to describe the syntactic development of Gee, a 3-year-11-month-old girl living in Sorong City, Southwest Papua, Indonesia, using Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) analysis. The study was conducted due to the limited research on child language acquisition in the linguistic context of Southwest Papua, particularly studies employing MLU as an indicator of syntactic development. A descriptive qualitative approach supported by simple quantitative analysis was applied in this research. Data were collected through observation, recording of spontaneous speech, and transcription of Gee’s utterances during daily interactions with family members. The data were analyzed by calculating the total number of morphemes and utterances, determining the MLU value, and comparing the result with Brown’s stages of language development. The findings show that 464 morphemes were identified in 122 utterances, resulting in an MLU score of 3.80. Based on Brown’s classification, this score places Gee in Stage V of syntactic development. The findings further indicate that Gee was able to produce various sentence types, including declarative, interrogative, imperative, and negative sentences. In addition, the data reveal the influence of a bilingual environment through the use of Indonesian and Papuan Malay elements, as well as the influence of audiovisual media on vocabulary and pronoun choice. These findings suggest that Gee’s syntactic development is consistent with the typical language development characteristics of children of her age and is shaped by diverse linguistic inputs from her environment.
ANALISIS MAKNA GAYA BAHASA SINDIRAN DALAM NOVEL HER SECOND CHOICE KARYA RAHMANIDA Windy Wonmaly; Maria Sofiana Ritan Bunga; Enjel Yona Korwa; Stanislaus Felndity
Mandalika Journal of Business and Management Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Mandalika Journal of Business and Management Studies
Publisher : Mandalika Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59613/mjbms.v4i2.508

Abstract

This study aims to describe the forms and reveal the meaning of the satirical style of language contained in Rahmanida's novel Her Second Choice. The satirical style of language in this novel is used by the author as a means to convey criticism, emotional conflict, and the dynamics of relationships between characters indirectly. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of reading and note-taking. The research data consists of quotations of sentences, dialogues, and narratives containing satirical style of language. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman analysis model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the satirical style of language in the novel Her Second Choice includes three forms, namely irony, cynicism, and sarcasm. The satirical style of language not only functions as an aesthetic element of language, but also contains implied meanings that reflect social criticism, the character's inner conflict, and emotional expressions such as disappointment, anger, and ridicule. Thus, the use of satirical style of language in this novel plays an important role in strengthening the character's character and conveying moral messages indirectly to the reader.
Co-Authors Agustinus Lia Masan Enjel Yona Korwa Frenny Silvia Pormes Stanislaus Felndity WINDY WONMALY