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Muhamad R. S. Sidik
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Engineering

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Composite copper(I)-hydroxyapatite: a heterogeneous catalyst for the homocoupling reaction of biaryl compounds Iis Intan Widiyowati; Atiek Rostika Noviyanti; Mukhamad Nurhadi; Muhamad R. S. Sidik; Muhammad Rizki Ramadhan; Yudha Prawira Budiman
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1995

Abstract

In this present study, a reusable Cu(I)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) catalyst was developed for the homocoupling of arylboronic acids under mild conditions. The investigation encompassed the examination of how different solvents and atmospheric conditions affect the performance of catalyst. The catalyst, was prepared by means of wet impregnation with an acetone-water (24:1) mixture purposely to load 10 wt% CuI onto HAp. XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS analyses demonstrated that CuI was successfully deposited on the HAp surface without changing its crystal structure or shape. During the experiment, it is established that both the solvent and the atmosphere exhibited a significant impact on the homocoupling of p-tolylboronic acid. The most optimal results were achieved through the utilization of dry DMF in air at room temperature for a duration of 24 hours. In these conditions, 4,4'-dimethylbiphenyl was isolated in approximately 80% yield, as confirmed by GC-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The catalyst stayed active over four cycles, although the yield fell to 53% by the fourth run. XRD analysis of the used catalyst revealed that the HAp structure remained mostly unchanged. When we tested different substrates, it was found that Cu(I)-HAp worked most effectively with para-substituted arylboronic acids that were less densely populated. Overall, Cu(I)-HAp has been identified to a potentially effective heterogeneous catalyst for the aerobic biaryl synthesis. The device is characterized by Its ease of use, its capacity for recycling, and its operationalization at room temperature.
HKUST-1-Catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam C–O Coupling Under Mild Conditions with Catalyst Reusability Muhamad R. S. Sidik; Irwan Kurnia; Yessi Permana; Ubed S.F. Arrozi; Wirawan Ciptonugroho; Witri Wahyu Lestari; Yudha Prawira Budiman
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1837

Abstract

The Chan–Evans–Lam coupling refers to a valuable method for constructing C–O and C–N bonds under mild conditions. Nevertheless, the development of efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts remains limited. In this study, we investigated copper-based metal–organic frameworks as catalysts for C–O bond formation between 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid and phenol. The study revealed that HKUST-1 exhibited a significant enhancement in performance when compared to Cu-BDC, yielding up to 86% at room temperature and demonstrating superior accessibility of Cu2+ active sites. A systematic optimization of reaction parameters identified NEt3 as the most effective base, DCM as the optimal solvent, and a mild temperature increase to 40 °C as the key factor enabling a maximum yield of 94%. Studies on recyclability demonstrated that HKUST-1 exhibited high catalytic performance over multiple cycles without significant structural degradation, as confirmed by PXRD analysis. Overall, this work highlights HKUST-1 as an efficient, robust, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for Chan–Evans–Lam C–O coupling, thus demonstrating its potential for sustainable synthetic applications.
Co-Authors Atiek Rostika Noviyanti Iis Intan Widiyowati Irwan Kurnia Muhammad Rizki Ramadhan Mukhamad Nurhadi Ubed S.F. Arrozi Wirawan Ciptonugroho Witri Wahyu Lestari Yessi Permana Yudha Prawira Budiman