Communications in Science and Technology
Vol 10 No 2 (2025)

HKUST-1-Catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam C–O Coupling Under Mild Conditions with Catalyst Reusability

Sidik, Muhamad R. S. (Unknown)
Kurnia, Irwan (Unknown)
Permana, Yessi (Unknown)
Arrozi, Ubed S.F. (Unknown)
Ciptonugroho, Wirawan (Unknown)
Lestari, Witri Wahyu (Unknown)
Budiman, Yudha Prawira (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Dec 2025

Abstract

The Chan–Evans–Lam coupling refers to a valuable method for constructing C–O and C–N bonds under mild conditions. Nevertheless, the development of efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts remains limited. In this study, we investigated copper-based metal–organic frameworks as catalysts for C–O bond formation between 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid and phenol. The study revealed that HKUST-1 exhibited a significant enhancement in performance when compared to Cu-BDC, yielding up to 86% at room temperature and demonstrating superior accessibility of Cu2+ active sites. A systematic optimization of reaction parameters identified NEt3 as the most effective base, DCM as the optimal solvent, and a mild temperature increase to 40 °C as the key factor enabling a maximum yield of 94%. Studies on recyclability demonstrated that HKUST-1 exhibited high catalytic performance over multiple cycles without significant structural degradation, as confirmed by PXRD analysis. Overall, this work highlights HKUST-1 as an efficient, robust, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for Chan–Evans–Lam C–O coupling, thus demonstrating its potential for sustainable synthetic applications.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

cst

Publisher

Subject

Engineering

Description

Communication in Science and Technology [p-ISSN 2502-9258 | e-ISSN 2502-9266] is an international open access journal devoted to various disciplines including social science, natural science, medicine, technology and engineering. CST publishes research articles, reviews and letters in all areas of ...