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All Journal Eureka Herba Indonesia Sriwijaya Journal of Radiology and Imaging Research
Adolfo Rawlings
Department of Internal Medicine, Winneba State Hospital, Winneba, Ghana
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Physics

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Tinospora crispa Phytosome Enhances Oral Bioavailability and Glycemic Control in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Arsan Saliha; Adolfo Rawlings; Louisa Istarini
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v6i2.139

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health challenge with rising prevalence in Southeast Asia, where traditional herbal remedies continue to play a significant role in disease management. Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae), locally known as brotowali in Indonesian jamu medicine, exhibits anti-diabetic properties attributed to its alkaloid and diterpenoid constituents; however, the oral bioavailability of its key bioactive compound berberine remains limited at approximately 5%. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic enhancement and anti-diabetic efficacy of a novel Tinospora crispa phytosome in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups (n = 6): normal control, diabetic control, diabetic plus metformin (200 mg/kg), diabetic plus T. crispa free extract (400 mg/kg), and diabetic plus T. crispa phytosome (400 mg/kg), given orally for 28 days. The phytosome achieved a 3.14-fold enhancement in relative oral bioavailability (AUC0–24: 1524.7 ± 185.4 versus 486.3 ± 62.8 ng·h/mL, p < 0.001) and a higher peak plasma berberine concentration (Cmax: 387.2 ± 42.3 versus 124.5 ± 18.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001). After 28 days, the phytosome group showed significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (148.6 ± 19.2 versus 328.4 ± 42.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (6.1 ± 0.6 versus 9.2 ± 1.1%, p < 0.001), with an improved lipid profile comparable to metformin and large effect sizes (Cohen's d: 3.51–6.22). These findings indicate that phytosome technology effectively enhances the bioavailability and anti-diabetic efficacy of T. crispa, supporting its development as a standardized herbal complementary therapy for diabetes mellitus.
Intra-individual Comparison of High-Relaxivity versus Standard Macrocyclic Gadolinium Agents for Detecting Hepatic Micrometastases at 3.0 T Linda Purnama; Adolfo Rawlings; Abdullah Assagaf
Sriwijaya Journal of Radiology and Imaging Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Radiology and Imaging Research
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjrir.v4i1.323

Abstract

Introduction. Hepatic micrometastases smaller than 10 mm critically influence oncologic staging and eligibility for curative metastasectomy, yet the sub-centimetre sensitivity of standard gadolinium-enhanced MRI is limited. High-relaxivity macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) generate higher lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and may improve detection. We compared a high-relaxivity versus a standard macrocyclic GBCA at equimolar dose within the same patients. Methods. In this prospective intra-individual diagnostic-accuracy study reported per STARD 2015 at a tertiary hospital in Palembang, Indonesia, 48 adult oncology patients underwent two 3.0-T liver MRI examinations 2 to 7 days apart in randomised contrast order (standard gadoterate meglumine versus a high-relaxivity macrocyclic agent, 0.1 mmol/kg). Two gastrointestinal radiologists blinded to agent and clinical and reference data read images independently. A composite reference standard (histopathology and ≥6-month multiphasic imaging follow-up) defined 134 metastatic lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, AUC (DeLong), likelihood ratios, Cohen kappa and McNemar tests were computed. Results. The high-relaxivity agent increased CNR by 12.2 units (48.5 versus 36.2; p<0.001). Per-lesion sensitivity rose to 94.8% (95% CI 89.6–97.4) from 82.8% (75.6–88.3), and micrometastasis sensitivity to 88.7% from 66.1% (McNemar p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.929 (0.893–0.966) versus 0.821 (0.757–0.886; DeLong p=0.003), and the negative likelihood ratio improved to 0.06. Inter-reader kappa was 0.89 versus 0.83. Specificity was comparable (84.5% versus 89.7%; p=0.41). Conclusion. At equimolar dose, the high-relaxivity macrocyclic GBCA significantly improved CNR and sub-centimetre hepatic metastasis detection without meaningful loss of specificity, a gain that may alter oncologic management. High-relaxivity agents are recommended for high-risk hepatic staging.
Co-Authors Abdullah Assagaf Arsan Saliha Linda Purnama Louisa Istarini