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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Health Science Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah
Rizky Khaeran
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Humanities Computer Science & IT Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Patient benefits and cost arrangement in JKN in Indonesia and learnings from Japan: A literature review Tuanku Banang Rabbani Imsyaamru; Rizky Khaeran; Rizwandy Wasir
Indonesian Journal of Health Science Vol 6 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : PT WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/ijhs.v6i3.2303

Abstract

Universal Health Coverage emphasizes the need for effective financial protection in addition to expanding health insurance coverage. The National Health Insurance (JKN) has successfully increased healthcare coverage in Indonesia, but still faces challenges in structuring benefit packages and patient costs. Study aims to synthesize scientific evidence on the design of benefit packages and patient cost mechanisms within JKN and examine lessons learned from the Japanese healthcare system. The study employed literature review design, examining scientific articles from 2016–2025 obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and credible health organization sources. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed using thematic analysis based on the themes of benefit structuring, cost sharing, and financial protection. The study results indicate, although the JKN benefit package formally supports coverage expansion, a gap remains between benefits and effective access, characterized by high unmet need and indirect costs borne by participants. Furthermore, patient cost structuring within JKN remains implicit and poorly integrated. Lessons learned from Japan suggest that strengthening primary care and cost sharing based on economic capacity can improve efficiency without reducing access to services. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the primary service benefit package and improve the cost sharing design to be fairer and more transparent.
Evaluating the implementation of UHC policy through the strengthning of primary health care and refferral system governance in Indonesia: A literature review Tuanku Banang Rabbani Imsyaamru; Rizky Khaeran; Rizwandy Wasir
Indonesian Journal of Health Science Vol 6 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : PT WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/ijhs.v6i3.2304

Abstract

The implementation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Indonesia through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program has significantly expanded population coverage and improved access to healthcare services. However, challenges remain in ensuring effective service utilization, particularly in primary healthcare and referral system governance. Key issues include limited capacity of primary healthcare facilities, high rates of inappropriate referrals, and weak coordination among healthcare providers. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the UHC policy in Indonesia through strengthening primary healthcare and referral system governance, and to identify barriers and enabling factors affecting its implementation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review design. The study population consists of scientific articles, policy reports, and official government documents related to UHC implementation in Indonesia. The selected literature sample was obtained through purposive sampling based on topic relevance, publication period within the last ten years, and source credibility. The study variables include healthcare access, primary healthcare capacity, referral system, and UHC policy implementation. Data were collected through a systematic search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases and analyzed using thematic analysis and critical synthesis. The findings indicate that despite high JKN membership coverage, service quality and sustainability remain suboptimal due to human resource shortages, limited infrastructure, and ineffective tiered referral mechanisms. In conclusion, the success of UHC implementation depends not only on expanding insurance coverage but also on strengthening primary health care capacity and improving referral system governance to achieve effective, equitable, and sustainable health services.
Strategi Tata Kelola Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Dalam Menjaga Sustainabilitas Finansial Rumah Sakit: Literature Review Tiar Kasih Jeremiah Sihombing; Rizky Khaeran; Shalom Demartc Simanjuntak; Acim Heri Iswanto
CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Vol. 3 No. 7 (2026): CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah, Juli 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/cendekia.v3i7.2729

Abstract

Keberlanjutan finansial rumah sakit menjadi tantangan strategis di tengah volatilitas harga, gangguan rantai pasok, dan meningkatnya tuntutan efisiensi pelayanan kesehatan. Tata kelola pengadaan barang dan jasa berperan penting dalam menjaga stabilitas keuangan, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, belum optimalnya digitalisasi, dan lemahnya pengawasan internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi tata kelola pengadaan barang dan jasa dalam menjaga sustainabilitas finansial rumah sakit. Penelitian menggunakan metode literature review dengan sumber data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, serta dokumen resmi dari World Health Organization. Seleksi literatur dilakukan pada artikel full text berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris periode 2020–2026, sehingga diperoleh sembilan artikel yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-procurement, e-catalogue, kontrol internal berbasis digital, optimalisasi manajemen persediaan, dan realokasi anggaran adaptif mampu meningkatkan efisiensi biaya, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas pengadaan, yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan rasio efektivitas keuangan dari 81,02% menjadi 118,49% serta penurunan rasio inefisiensi dari 112,21% menjadi 81,10%. Namun, keterbatasan SDM bersertifikat, rendahnya optimalisasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit, dan perencanaan logistik yang belum terintegrasi masih menjadi hambatan utama. Kesimpulannya integrasi teknologi digital, penguatan kompetensi SDM, dan pengawasan internal yang berkelanjutan merupakan strategi utama dalam menjaga sustainabilitas finansial rumah sakit.  
Organizational culture towards patient safety in hospitals: A literature review Rizky Khaeran; Nadia Putri Untiami; Donna Ndari Santoso Putri; Nirna Dwi Anggraini; Amanda Safitri; Siti Aisyah; Cahya Arbitera
Indonesian Journal of Health Science Vol 6 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : PT WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/ijhs.v6i3.2259

Abstract

Patient safety is a key indicator of hospital service quality and is strongly influenced by the organizational culture within healthcare settings. An organizational culture that promotes openness, collaboration, and continuous learning contributes to the creation of a safe care environment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between organizational culture and patient safety implementation in hospitals through a literature review. Literature searches were conducted using the Google Scholar, Springer, and Garuda databases. Eligible studies included full-text articles published in Indonesian or English between 2015 and 2024. The review of ten selected articles indicated that organizational culture positively influences patient safety. The dimensions that contributed most significantly to patient safety included teamwork, open communication, management support, organizational learning, and a non-punitive culture. However, staffing issues and inadequate non-punitive responses to errors remain challenges in patient safety implementation. Furthermore, a positive organizational culture was found to enhance incident reporting and strengthen healthcare workers’ commitment to patient safety. These findings suggest that fostering a supportive organizational culture is a strategic approach to improving the quality and safety of hospital care.
Co-Authors A. Heri Iswanto Amanda Safitri Cahya Arbitera Donna Ndari Santoso Putri Nadia Putri Untiami Nirna Dwi Anggraini Rizwandy Wasir Shalom Demartc Simanjuntak Siti Aisyah Tiar Kasih Jeremiah Sihombing Tuanku Banang Rabbani Imsyaamru