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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FIXED PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANELS WITH 150° AND 30° TILT ANGLE VARIATIONS M.Zakarsyi Lilma Abid; Alviani Hesthi Permata Ningtyas
Trends in Mechanical Engineering Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/timer.v4i1.41367

Abstract

Solar energy is a type of renewable energy that can be turned into electricity through the use of solar panels that capture sunlight. Solar panels work best when they are positioned at the right angle to catch as much sunlight as possible. One important thing that affects how well they work is how tilted they are compared to the sun's position in the sky. This study is meant to look at how well solar panels work statistically when they are tilted at 30 degrees and 150 degrees. The research employed an experimental method by directly measuring voltage, current, output power, and light intensity on the solar panels. Data collection was conducted for 8 days from 08:00 to 16:00 WIB. The monitoring system utilized INA219 sensors to measure electrical parameters and BH1750 sensors to measure light intensity, integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The results indicate that differences in tilt angle affect the amount of solar radiation received by the panel, which consequently influences the electrical energy produced. The solar panel with a 150° tilt angle demonstrated better performance because it received more optimal sunlight exposure, particularly from morning to midday. This condition resulted in higher voltage, current, power, and electrical energy output compared to the panel with a 30° tilt angle. Based on the calculations, the 150° tilt angle increased power and energy generation by 25.38% compared to the 30° tilt angle during the testing period. Therefore, the tilt angle of a solar panel significantly affects the overall performance of a solar energy system.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A CFD-BASED SAVONIUS-DARRIEUS HYBRID WIND TURBINE WITH VARIATIONS IN COUPLING ANGLE AND WIND SPEED AT RR 0.28 Argyono Cahyono Adi; Alviani Hesthi Permata Ningtyas
Trends in Mechanical Engineering Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/timer.v4i1.41368

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics of a Savonius-Darrieus hybrid wind turbine through a numerical simulation approach based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Numerical analysis was carried out using ANSYS Fluent 2023 R1 software to examine the effect of changing the coupling angle by 0˚, 30˚, and 60˚ at wind speeds of 2.5 m/s and 3.5 m/s. Turbine performance evaluation was also carried out at several Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) values, namely 0.81; 1.3; and 2. The parameters observed in this study include the power coefficient (Cp), moment coefficient (Cm), torque characteristics, turbine output power, and efficiency. The results showed that the coupling angle configuration has a significant effect on the aerodynamic behavior and energy conversion capability of the hybrid turbine. Of all tested configurations, the highest Cp value of 0.042 and turbine efficiency of 4.2% were obtained at a wind speed of 3.5 m/s with coupling angles of 30° and 60° at a TSR of 1.3, resulting in an output power of 0.441 W. In addition, the turbine exhibited stable rotational characteristics and improved self-starting capability at low wind speeds. These findings indicate that the Savonius–Darrieus hybrid turbine has promising potential for small-scale renewable energy applications, particularly in low to moderate wind speed environments commonly found in urban and coastal areas. This study also confirmed that the hybrid configuration is able to improve the stability and overall performance of the turbine compared to a conventional vertical axis turbine operating under similar environmental conditions.