<![CDATA[This study aims to investigate the impact of weed density and dominance on the physiological performance of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The methodology applied in this research is a literature review that synthesizes data from various previous studies regarding vegetation dynamics and biotic competition within oil palm plantations. The consolidated data indicates that weed density is significantly influenced by cultivation methods, such as the application of Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) which can increase humidity, as well as plant age, which affects light intensity at the ground level. These environmental changes lead to a shift in weed dominance from grasses to broadleaf plants or ferns. A high Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) indicates intense competition, resulting in prolonged physiological stress for the primary crop. The presence of weeds exerts "double pressure" through root competition for nutrients (particularly nitrogen) and water, as well as spatial competition above ground. Consequently, the photosynthetic rate experiences a significant decline due to stomatal closure as an adaptive reaction to water deficit. Control measures using herbicides such as paraquat dichloride, diuron, and glyphosate at appropriate dosages have proven effective in reducing weed density without inducing phytotoxic effects on the plants. Ultimately, efficient weed management is vital to maintain photosynthetic efficiency, optimize the net assimilation rate, and ensure that biomass accumulation and fresh fruit bunch production are not hindered by adverse vegetation competition.]]>
