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All Journal ELS Journal On Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities
Fajar Rahmatul Khalik
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Postgraduate Students’ Perceptions of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI): Comprehension, Participation, and Language Development Khanandy Nila Ulfah; Fajar Rahmatul Khalik; Jamaluddin Nasution
ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34050/els-jish.v9i2.50710

Abstract

This study investigates postgraduate students’ perceptions of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI), focusing on comprehension, participation, and academic English development. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected from eight postgraduate students through a structured questionnaire consisting of Likert-scale and open-ended items. The findings indicate that students generally prefer an English-dominant instructional approach, ranging from 70% to 95%, while still recognizing the importance of limited Indonesian use for clarification. English-medium instruction was found to enhance students’ confidence and participation, although occasional use of Indonesian helped facilitate the expression of complex ideas. In terms of comprehension, students reported better understanding when English was used, supported by strategic code-switching. Furthermore, EMI significantly contributes to the development of academic English skills, including vocabulary, writing, and communication. Overall, a balanced and flexible approach to EMI is recommended to optimize both language development and learning effectiveness in postgraduate contexts.
Vowel Insertion in Indonesian Phonology: A Generative Phonology Analysis with Phonetic Evidence Naza Fanisa; Khanandya Nila Ulfah; Fajar Rahmatul Khalik; Dedy Suhery
ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34050/els-jish.v8i4.48851

Abstract

This study investigates vowel insertion in Indonesian by examining the phenomenon through both Generative Phonology and phonetic realization. The research is grounded in the framework of Chomsky and Halle (1968), who propose that phonological rules map underlying representations onto surface forms, and in Crystal’s (2008) description of epenthesis as the insertion of a sound to facilitate pronunciation. The data consist of Indonesian words containing illegal initial consonant clusters, alongside recordings from four native speakers whose pronunciations were analyzed auditorily. The generative phonology analysis reveals that vowel insertion functions as a systematic repair strategy triggered by clusters such as /st-/, /sp-/, /sk-/, and /sr-/, which violate Indonesian phonotactic constraints. The phonetic findings support this structure-driven analysis: all speakers consistently inserted a mid vowel—realized as [e] or [ə]—in the predicted environments, confirming the rule’s empirical validity. Taken together, the structural predictions and phonetic evidence demonstrate that Indonesian vowel insertion is both theoretically motivated and phonetically realized. The study contributes to the understanding of Indonesian phonology by showing how abstract phonological rules interact with actual speech production to maintain syllable well-formedness.
Co-Authors Dedy Suhery Jamaluddin Nasution Khanandy Nila Ulfah Khanandya Nila Ulfah Naza Fanisa