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All Journal International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research
Hisyam Nuruliman
Department of Automation Engineering, Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia.
Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Transportation

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Design and Implementation Independent Battery and Lost-Link Fail-Safe Module for USV Safety Setyawan Ajie Sukarno; Hisyam Nuruliman; Ridwan
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i2

Abstract

This study presents the design and implementation of an independent battery and lost-link fail-safe module to improve the navigational safety and operational reliability of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). Previous studies on USV fail-safe systems mainly focused on battery monitoring or communication recovery separately and generally relied on the main onboard controller or autopilot system. Such approaches may reduce system reliability when the primary controller experiences malfunction or communication interruption. To address this limitation, the proposed system integrates a Jetson Orin Nano, a CUAV autopilot, and an independent ESP32-based monitoring module capable of autonomously monitoring battery and communication conditions. Communication reliability is evaluated using MAVLink heartbeat signals, while battery condition is assessed using a progress-based energy estimation method to predict mission feasibility according to the remaining battery capacity and mission progress. When abnormal conditions such as low battery or communication loss are detected, the system autonomously activates fail-safe actions, including return-to-home and loiter modes, to prevent mission failure and vehicle loss. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves a voltage measurement accuracy of 99.87%. In addition, the fail-safe mechanism successfully detects low battery conditions within 2.5–3.0 seconds and communication loss within 6–15 seconds, demonstrating improved USV operational safety and reliability.
Co-Authors Ridwan Setyawan Ajie Sukarno