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All Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
I Dewa Made Widi Hersana
Universitas Hang Tuah
Aerospace Engineering Computer Science & IT Health Professions Neuroscience Social Sciences

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In Silico Study: the Potential of Apigenin Compounds from Moringa Plants as Inhibitors of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Enzyme of Plasmodium Falciparum in Hepatic Malaria Therapy Helena Elysia Argiyanti; I Dewa Made Widi Hersana; Risma Risma
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v6i1.52724

Abstract

Malaria is a global health problem caused by Plasmodium infection, with hepatic malaria representing a serious complication due to liver dysfunction, particularly from Plasmodium falciparum. One promising therapeutic target is the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH), which plays a crucial role in the parasite’s de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Moringa oleifera is known to contain various flavonoids with antimalarial and hepatoprotective activities, including apigenin. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of apigenin as an inhibitor of PfDHODH for hepatic malaria treatment using an in silico approach. The research employed a one-shot experimental design involving molecular docking simulations with AutoDock Vina, followed by pharmacokinetic, drug-likeness, and toxicity predictions using SwissADME, pkCSM, and ProTox3. Results showed that apigenin exhibited strong binding affinity to PfDHODH (-8.9 kcal/mol), comparable to the primary control ligand (-9.3 kcal/mol) and higher than artemisinin (-8.7 kcal/mol). Apigenin demonstrated favorable ADME properties, complied with Lipinski’s rule, and was classified as low toxicity (class 5) with no predicted carcinogenic effects. These findings indicate that apigenin from Moringa oleifera has promising potential as a PfDHODH inhibitor and may serve as a candidate for the treatment of hepatic malaria, warranting further experimental validation.
The Relationship Between Viral Load Levels and the Incidence of Oral Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS Patients at Jombang Hospital for the Period 2023-2025 Elffanna Listrianingtias; I Dewa Made Widi Hersana; Dian Ardiana
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v6i6.52816

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the relationship between viral load levels and the incidence of oral candidiasis among HIV/AIDS patients at the RSUD Jombang during the 2023–2025 period. This analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design used secondary data from medical records of HIV/AIDS patients at RSUD Jombang (2023–2025). The independent variable was viral load level and the dependent variable was oral candidiasis incidence. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses (Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests), examining viral load and other variables including age, gender, occupation, comorbidity, marital status, education level, and antifungal medication use. The research involved 402 patients, of whom 322 (80.1%) had an undetectable viral load, 26 (6.5%) had a suppressed viral load, and 54 (13.4%) had an unsuppressed/high viral load. Bivariate analysis showed that neither numerical viral load (p=0.97) nor ordinal viral load (p=0.22) had a significant relationship with the incidence of oral candidiasis. Other variables such as age (p=0.18), gender (p=0.88), occupation (p=0.62), comorbidity (p=0.71), marital status (p=0.08), and antifungal medication use (p=0.64) also showed no significant relationship. However, educational level was found to have a significant association with the incidence of oral candidiasis (p=0.04). Overall, these findings suggest that educational level plays an important role in the occurrence of oral candidiasis among HIV/AIDS patients, indicating that targeted educational interventions and increased patient awareness regarding viral load management and oral hygiene may help reduce the incidence of this infection.
Co-Authors Dian Ardiana Elffanna Listrianingtias Helena Elysia Argiyanti Risma Risma