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All Journal JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Jurnal Ilmu Hukum UIN Law Review: Jurnal Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Tarumanagara Law Review
Raihan Muhammad
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Meneropong Problematika Konsep Kewajiban Asasi Manusia di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia Raihan Muhammad
UIN Law Review: Jurnal Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): UIN Law Review
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/076de144

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji problematika konsep kewajiban asasi manusia di Indonesia dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia. Dalam kerangka HAM, individu ditempatkan sebagai pemegang hak, sementara negara sebagai pemikul kewajiban. Namun, hukum positif Indonesia—terutama UUD NRI 1945 dan UU No. 39 Tahun 1999—memperluas kewajiban hingga mencakup individu serta menjadikannya sebagai dasar pembatasan hak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya ambiguitas konseptual, seperti kaburnya pembedaan antara pemegang hak dan pemikul kewajiban, perluasan kewajiban individu tanpa batas yang jelas, serta potensi menjadikan hak bersifat kondisional. Konstruksi ini berimplikasi pada melemahnya akuntabilitas negara dan terbukanya ruang pembatasan hak yang tidak sah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penataan ulang kerangka normatif yang menegaskan kembali hak sebagai pusat pelindungan, memperketat standar pembatasan, serta menempatkan negara sebagai pemikul kewajiban utama.
Menimbang Ulang Program Makan Bergizi Gratis: Antara Kewajiban Negara dan Risiko Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Raihan Muhammad
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30652/cngzcv27

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the problems of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) from a human rights perspective and to formulate policy reform directions aligned with the fulfillment of the right to food. This issue is significant because a program designed to improve nutritional status has revealed various implementation challenges, including food safety, nutritional quality, governance, and budgetary implications for other sectors. This study employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach by examining legal doctrines, scholarly literature, and empirical evidence derived from policy reports and findings. The results demonstrate that MBG continues to experience structural shortcomings in fulfilling the right to food, as reflected in weak oversight, unequal benefit distribution, limited public participation, and a policy orientation that prioritizes quantity over quality. Furthermore, the program’s budgetary policy has the potential to generate conflicts among the fulfillment of different rights, thereby failing to reflect an integrated rights-based approach. The novelty of this study lies in the development of an evaluation and policy reform model for MBG based on the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA), integrating the PANEL principles, the capability approach, and right-to-food-based evaluation indicators as a comprehensive framework for assessing and improving policy design and implementation. This reform model is expected to enhance policy effectiveness while ensuring the fulfillment of the right to food in a safe, adequate, equitable, and sustainable manner.
Penguatan Independensi DKPP dalam Sistem Electoral Governance di Indonesia Arief Rizal; Muhamad Budi Purwanto; Raihan Muhammad
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i4.14484

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the urgency of strengthening the institutional framework of the Honorary Council of Election Organizers (DKPP) within Indonesia’s electoral governance system. Previous studies have primarily focused on ethical enforcement, institutional authority, and member recruitment, while limited attention has been given to DKPP’s structural independence. Employing normative legal research with a qualitative library approach, this study examines legislation, Constitutional Court decisions, DKPP decisions, scholarly journals, books, and other relevant legal materials. The findings show that DKPP’s institutional independence remains constrained by three structural issues: a politically vulnerable member selection mechanism, the dependence of its secretariat on the Ministry of Home Affairs, and unequal institutional design compared with the General Election Commission (KPU) and the Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu). Strengthening DKPP requires an independent and participatory recruitment mechanism, an autonomous secretariat, and the reconstruction of DKPP as an independent court of ethics. The novelty of this study lies in analyzing DKPP through the perspective of structural independence by integrating institutional design, member recruitment, and secretariat autonomy within the framework of electoral governance to safeguard electoral integrity and democratic legitimacy.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis urgensi penguatan kelembagaan Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu (DKPP) dalam sistem electoral governance di Indonesia. Kajian mengenai DKPP sebelumnya lebih banyak berfokus pada penegakan kode etik, kewenangan, dan rekrutmen anggota, sedangkan independensi struktural masih terbatas dikaji. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, putusan DKPP, buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan bahan hukum lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa independensi DKPP masih menghadapi tiga persoalan struktural, yaitu mekanisme seleksi anggota yang rentan terhadap pengaruh politik, ketergantungan sekretariat pada Kementerian Dalam Negeri, serta ketimpangan desain kelembagaan dibandingkan dengan KPU dan Bawaslu. Penguatan DKPP perlu dilakukan melalui mekanisme rekrutmen yang independen dan partisipatif, sekretariat yang mandiri, serta rekonstruksi DKPP sebagai court of ethics yang independen. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis penguatan DKPP melalui perspektif independensi struktural yang mengintegrasikan desain kelembagaan, mekanisme rekrutmen, dan kemandirian sekretariat dalam kerangka electoral governance untuk menjaga integritas pemilu dan legitimasi demokrasi.
Grounding Structural Legal Aid in Indonesian Legal Education: An Effort to Build an Emancipatory Paradigm Raihan Muhammad
Tarumanagara Law Review Vol. 8 No. II (2026): Talrev-Untar
Publisher : Faculty of Law Tarumanagara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/talrev.v8iII.38401

Abstract

Legal education in Indonesia continues to face a gap between doctrinal legal knowledge and the social realities in which law operates. The dominance of formalistic approaches may produce technically competent graduates while providing limited capacity to identify and respond to structural injustice and unequal access to justice. This article examines how Structural Legal Aid (SLA) can be translated into a curricular and pedagogical framework for Indonesian legal higher education. The study employs a normative-conceptual approach informed by socio-legal and comparative perspectives. It examines legal and conceptual materials concerning legal aid, clinical legal education, legal empowerment, access to justice, critical legal studies, and social justice education, complemented by comparative materials from the United States, South Africa, and Australia. The analysis finds that existing clinical and experiential approaches provide important bridges between legal doctrine and practice but do not necessarily provide a systematic framework for identifying and responding to the structural conditions underlying legal problems. The article argues that SLA can fill this conceptual gap by connecting experiential learning with structural analysis, community engagement, multi-strategy advocacy, and critical reflection. Its contribution lies in translating SLA from a model of legal advocacy into a curricular framework for legal education and in conceptualizing alignment as a reflective legal competency, rather than as ideological instruction. The proposed framework reconfigures legal education by connecting doctrinal learning, socio-legal inquiry, clinical practice, community engagement, and reflective assessment toward substantive justice.
Co-Authors Arief Rizal Muhamad Budi Purwanto