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Wayan Darmawan
Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Mikrostruktur dan Karakteristik Permukaan Kayu Pinus Scots (Pinus sylvestris L.) Termodifikasi Gliserol dan Asam Sitrat Gabriel Tobing; Nurul Sofiaturizkiyah; Efrida Basri; Resa Martha; Istie Rahayu; Philippe Gérardin; Wayan Darmawan
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 4 (2024): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.29.4.554

Abstract

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood is one of the most popular timber export products. However, its low durability can reduce the potential and utilization of the wood. Chemical modification is one of the solutions to overcome this drawback. Chemical modification using non-biocide materials such as glycerol and citric acid was carried out to improve the inferior properties of wood. The study aimed to observe the microstructure and evaluate the surface characteristics of glycerol and citric acid-modified scots pine wood. Scots pine wood was modified using glycerol and citric acid with weight percent gain (WPG) values of 20% and 46%. Surface characteristics were measured, including surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), wettability, and bonding quality. The results show that chemical modification using glycerol and citric acid resulted in the structure of the pine wood being more filled and denser. The modification could also reduce the roughness of the wood surface, resulting in decreased SFE value, increased contact angle, and decreased wettability on the wood surface. It might cause a decrease in the bonding quality because the wood did not have the strength to mechanically lock with the paint. Glycerol and citric acid modified-scots pine wood can be considered for exterior application. Keywords: citric acid, glycerol, microstructure, scots pine, surface characteristics
Radial Variations in Surface Characteristics of Pine Wood (Pinus merkusii) Modified with Glycerin–Citric Acid Achmat Syafi'i; Mohammad Rafli Ariyansyah; Dhiyar Luthfan Hamidi; Sartika Sartika; Alia Pratiwi; Ahmad Rabbani Abdussalam; Irsan Alipraja; Wayan Darmawan; Philippe Geradin
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 31 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.31.2.375

Abstract

Pine wood (Pinus merkusii) is a native Indonesian softwood species with high commercial value but low natural durability (class IV), limiting its use in outdoor applications. This study modified the pine wood using a 20% glycerin–citric acid solution (1:2 ratio) through impregnation with 7 bar pressure for 48 hours, followed by heat treatment at 150°C for 6 hours, to evaluate surface characteristics in radial variations (from pith to bark). Retention (57.93–85.59 kg/m³) and weight percent gain (WPG, 4.02–7.20%) decreased from pith to bark, corresponding to lower wood density near the pith (0.55 g/cm³) compared to near the bark (0.67 g/cm³). Surface roughness (Ra) varied slightly from fit to bark, however its Ra increased after modification. Surface free energy (SFE) increased significantly from 16.87 near the pith to – 27.35 mJ/m² near the bark. After modification the SFE values varied between 37.16–44.46 mJ/m² from fit to bark. Wettability (K-value) was lower near the pith (0.002) than near the bark (0.007). Glycerin–citric acid modified pine exhibited also a lower wettability values compared to the untreated wood. The surface characteristics of the modified pine wood from fit to bark indicate that its surfaces should be coated by proper varnishes or paints for further development.Keywords: citric acid, glycerin, modification, radial variation, surface characteristics
Co-Authors Achmat Syafi'i Ahmad Rabbani Abdussalam Alia Pratiwi Dhiyar Luthfan Hamidi Efrida Basri Gabriel Tobing Irsan Alipraja Istie Rahayu Mohammad Rafli Ariyansyah Nurul Sofiaturizkiyah Philippe Geradin Philippe Gérardin Resa Martha Sartika Sartika