Muhammad Fathi
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Published : 4 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 4 Documents
Search

Trump’s Call to Control Gaza: A Case of Ethnic Cleansing? Muhammad Fathi; Muhammad Nur Rifqi Amirullah; Rian Ade Pangestu
Pancasila and Law Review Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/plr.v6i2.4552

Abstract

This research examines the intersection of international law and the controversial proposal by former US President Donald Trump regarding the forced transfer of Palestinian civilians from Gaza. The study places this issue within the framework of ethnic cleansing and the prohibition of population transfer under international humanitarian law, aiming to assess whether such a proposal may violate international law, particularly the Geneva Conventions and customary international law. Using a normative juridical method with conceptual and statutory approaches, the analysis draws on key legal instruments, including the Fourth Geneva Convention, the Rome Statute, and United Nations resolutions, to evaluate the legality of forced displacement in armed conflict. The findings indicate that Trump's statements, although lacking legal authority, risk legitimizing practices that could constitute ethnic cleansing or crimes against humanity if implemented. The study also highlights the broader implications of such rhetoric for state responsibility, international criminal accountability, and the weakening of protective norms. It concludes that the international community must reject policies that normalize forced transfer and consistently enforce international obligations to prevent impunity and protect civilian populations.
Presidential Term Limit as an Implicit Unamendable Provision In Indonesia's Hyper-Presidentialism Muhammad Fathi; Anshul Tripathi
Constitutionale Vol 6 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/constitutionale.v6i2.4524

Abstract

This article analyzes the paradox between Indonesia’s presidential term limits and the persistence of hyper-presidentialism through a normative juridical approach structured in three stages. First, it interprets Article 7 and Article 37(5) of the 1945 Constitution using grammatical, historical, and teleological methods to assess whether term limits function as implicit eternity clauses. Second, it examines Constitutional Court rulings, including Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 and decisions related to the 2024 election, to evaluate how term-limit norms are applied, contested, or strategically used in practice. Third, it situates these legal developments within broader political dynamics, including coalition-building, party co-optation, executive influence over judicial appointments, and the rise of political dynasties. These stages are supported by doctrinal literature on constitutional unamendability and executive aggrandizement. The analysis shows that although the two-term limit is normatively framed as an implicit safeguard against authoritarianism, its effectiveness ultimately depends on the strength of institutional autonomy. In weak institutional settings, it becomes susceptible to erosion through dynastic hyper-presidential practices.
Targeted Killing of Ismail Haniyeh: International Law Perspective Muhammad Fathi; Muhammad Alfin Imanullah; Aisyah Ajeng Putri Riyanto; Sayyid Nabil Mahakim Najwa
Lampung Journal of International Law Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v8i1.3935

Abstract

The unresolved Palestine-Israel conflict has intensified debate over the legality and ethical implications of targeted killings under international law. This normative legal study examines the killing of Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran by analyzing its compatibility with the principles of distinction, proportionality, and necessity under international humanitarian law. The operation also raises serious concerns under Article 6 of the ICCPR, which prohibits arbitrary deprivation of life, and Article 14, which guarantees fair trial and due process protections. In addition, the operation potentially violated Iran’s sovereignty and territorial integrity under Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter, which prohibits the use of force against another state. The study highlights the need for stronger accountability mechanisms, greater judicial oversight, and the prioritization of non-lethal alternatives in counterterrorism operations. It further emphasizes that adherence to international legal norms and efforts to address the root causes of the Palestine-Israel conflict remain essential for protecting human rights and maintaining international legal order..
Ethical Foundations and Ethos of Muhammadiyah Movement: A Multidisciplinary Perspective Sriyono; Katni; Muhammad Fathi
Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/it.v10i1.10955

Abstract

Abstract The Muhammadiyah Movement has become a moral and civilizational force in Indonesia; however, studies on its ethical foundations remain fragmented and have not yet been integrated in an interdisciplinary manner. This study aims to examine the ethical foundations and reformist ethos of Muhammadiyah through the perspectives of theology, philosophy, sociology, and education, as well as to formulate an integrated ethical model that connects theology, rationality, and social transformation. The study employs a qualitative approach based on a literature review. Data were collected through the identification, selection, and documentation of primary and secondary sources, then analyzed thematically. The research findings indicate that (1) the theological foundation is rooted in tawhid, al-Ma’un, and al-amr bi al-ma’ruf wa al-nahy ‘an al-munkar; (2) philosophically, Muhammadiyah harmonizes revelation and reason through the neo-akhlaqiyyah framework; (3) sociologically, this ethos is realized through anti-fatalism, community empowerment, and the formation of a modern Muslim middle class; and (4) institutionally, this ethos is embedded through 5,354 Muhammadiyah schools and 178 Muhammadiyah universities. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated theological-philosophical-sociological-educational model for understanding Islamic reform. The study affirms Muhammadiyah as a civilizational project that transforms Islamic ethics into sustainable social transformation for Indonesian society.   Abstract Gerakan Muhammadiyah telah menjadi kekuatan moral dan peradaban di Indonesia, namun kajian mengenai landasan etikanya masih parsial dan belum terintegrasi secara interdisipliner. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji landasan etika dan etos reformis Muhammadiyah melalui perspektif teologi, filsafat, sosiologi, dan pendidikan, serta merumuskan model etika terintegrasi yang menghubungkan teologi, rasionalitas, dan transformasi sosial. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui identifikasi, seleksi, dan dokumentasi sumber primer dan sekunder, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) landasan teologis berakar pada tauhid, al-Ma'un, serta al-amr bi al-ma'ruf wa al-nahy 'an al-munkar; (2) secara filosofis, Muhammadiyah menyelaraskan wahyu dan akal melalui kerangka neo-akhlaqiyyah; (3) secara sosiologis, etos tersebut diwujudkan melalui anti-fatalisme, pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan pembentukan kelas menengah Muslim modern; dan (4) secara kelembagaan, etika tertanam melalui 5.354 sekolah dan 178 perguruan tinggi Muhammadiyah. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada model teologis-filosofis-sosiologis-pendidikan terintegrasi untuk memahami reformasi Islam. Penelitian menegaskan Muhammadiyah sebagai proyek peradaban yang mentransformasikan etika Islam menjadi transformasi sosial berkelanjutan bagi kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia.