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All Journal SAINS MEDIKA : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN
Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Mulawarman
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Adverse effects of short-term regimens in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients with treatment failure in Central Java, Indonesia Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim; Intan Henda Ardiani; Alma Feriyanti; Intan Zainafree; Fildza Huwaina Fathnin
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 17, No 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v17i1.45038

Abstract

Recent evidence shows high rates of treatment failure among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients on short-course regimens. This clinic-based case–control study used Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) data from Central Java, Indonesia (2021–2023) to examine associations between employment status, HIV status, baseline sputum examination, and body mass index (BMI) with specific categories of treatment failure (treatment failure, diagnostic change, regimen modification, loss to follow-up, and death). Overall treatment failure was 70.59%, including 15.3% deaths. Employment status was significantly associated with failure category (p=0.022), with unemployed patients disproportionately experiencing loss to follow-up (82.5%) and death (59.6%). HIV-reactive patients were more likely to undergo regimen modification (p=0.009; 1.8%). Baseline sputum results showed the strongest association (p<0.001): negative sputum was linked to diagnostic change (49.1%) and unknown sputum status to loss to follow-up (66.7%). Low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) was also associated with failure category (p=0.037), particularly loss to follow-up (75.4%) and death (33.3%). These findings implicate socioeconomic vulnerability, HIV co-infection, absent or negative baseline sputum results, and undernutrition as important determinants of distinct short-course MDR-TB treatment failures and support integrated, patient-centred interventions to improve outcomes.
Co-Authors Alma Feriyanti Fildza Huwaina Fathnin Intan Henda Ardiani Intan Zainafree, Intan