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All Journal Journal of Loomingulisus ja Innovatsioon Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials
Bina Magar
Nepal Medical College
Religion Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Innovation for Whom? A Critical Examination of Equity Gaps in Social Innovation Ecosystems Across Low- and Middle-Income Countries Suman Thapa; Bina Magar; Anil Bhattarai
Journal of Loomingulisus ja Innovatsioon Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/innovatsioon.v3i2.4145

Abstract

Social innovation has become an increasingly important strategy for addressing complex development challenges across low- and middle-income countries. Despite substantial investments in collaborative innovation ecosystems, growing evidence suggests that innovation benefits are not distributed equitably among social groups, raising important questions regarding participation, governance, and distributive justice. This study aimed to examine how inclusive governance, stakeholder participation, institutional trust, collaborative networks, organizational learning, and resource accessibility influence distributive equity and social innovation performance across diverse innovation ecosystems. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory research design was employed involving 840 participants from twelve low- and middle-income countries representing governments, universities, civil society organizations, social enterprises, donor agencies, and community organizations. Quantitative data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, while qualitative evidence was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, policy analysis, organizational observations, and comparative case studies. Findings revealed that inclusive governance significantly improved distributive equity through enhanced stakeholder participation, collaborative learning, and institutional trust. Collaborative networks strengthened innovation performance; however, unequal access to resources and decision-making opportunities continued to limit meaningful participation among marginalized communities. Results indicate that innovation ecosystems achieve sustainable social impact only when equity is positioned as a fundamental governance principle rather than a secondary policy objective. The study proposes an integrated framework that reframes innovation success through the combined lenses of institutional inclusiveness, distributive justice, and collaborative governance, providing practical guidance for policymakers, development agencies, and innovation practitioners seeking more equitable and sustainable development outcomes.
THE GEOPOLITICS OF CRITICAL MINERALS: AN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE ON INDONESIA'S NICKEL DOWNSTREAM POLICY Nofirman Nofirman; Shamsul Anwar; Azimah Haji Ali; Bina Magar
Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/politicae.v2i2.2527

Abstract

The global race for critical minerals has transformed nickel into a strategic asset in contemporary geopolitics. Indonesia, possessing one of the world’s largest nickel reserves, has adopted a downstream policy to assert greater control over its mineral resources and strengthen national economic sovereignty. This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s nickel downstream policy from an international relations perspective, emphasizing its geopolitical, economic, and strategic implications. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, the research draws on policy documents, trade data, and scholarly discourse to interpret Indonesia’s positioning within global power dynamics. The findings reveal that the policy reflects Indonesia’s attempt to transition from a resource supplier to a value-added industrial hub, balancing between China’s technological dominance and Western market access. Moreover, the policy redefines Indonesia’s bargaining power in international trade and its alignment in global supply chains for electric vehicles and renewable energy. The study concludes that Indonesia’s nickel strategy represents a form of resource nationalism adapted to 21st-century multipolar competition, offering insights into how developing nations can leverage critical minerals for geopolitical advantage.
A REVIEW OF NANOPARTICLE-BASED STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE THERAPY Thika Marliana; Bina Magar; Samuel Denis
Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jbtn.v2i6.2975

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and related disorders, remain difficult to treat effectively due to the restrictive nature of the blood–brain barrier, which severely limits drug delivery to the central nervous system. Many therapeutic agents with proven molecular efficacy fail to achieve clinical success because they cannot reach target sites in the brain at sufficient concentrations. This review aims to critically analyze nanoparticle-based strategies developed to overcome the blood–brain barrier and to evaluate their potential in neurodegenerative disease therapy. A narrative-integrative review method was employed, drawing on peer-reviewed articles indexed in major scientific databases, including studies on lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and biomimetic nanoparticles. The reviewed evidence indicates that nanoparticle systems significantly enhance brain delivery through mechanisms such as receptor-mediated transcytosis, adsorption-mediated transport, and biomimicry, leading to improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. Lipid-based and biomimetic nanoparticles demonstrate the greatest translational promise due to favorable safety and biological compatibility, while polymeric systems offer high design flexibility. Despite these advances, challenges related to long-term safety, reproducibility, and clinical translation persist. In conclusion, nanoparticle-based delivery represents a pivotal strategy for overcoming the blood–brain barrier, and continued interdisciplinary research is essential to translate these technologies into effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: blood–brain barrier; nanoparticles; neurodegenerative diseases; nanomedicine; targeted drug delivery
Co-Authors Anil Bhattarai Azimah Haji Ali Marliana, Thika Nofirman, Nofirman Samuel Denis Shamsul Anwar Suman Thapa