Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.408
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Lufiano Tilman Martins
Instituto Superior Cristal, Timor Leste
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal and Ethical Policies for Human Brain-Computer Interfaces Storage in The Cloud Era: Privacy Rights Protection and Neurological Data Treatment Antonio Guterres; Lufiano Tilman Martins; Salustiano Quintão de Carvalho
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v3i1.37

Abstract

This study examines the legal and ethical implications of storing human brain memory through Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) integrated with cloud systems, with a focus on privacy rights protection and neurological data governance. Using a qualitative research design with a juridical-normative and technological ethics approach, this study analyzes regulatory gaps, ethical challenges, and technological risks associated with neurodata. Data were obtained through a literature review, normative legal analysis, and a comparison of international data protection frameworks. The findings reveal three key issues: the absence of specific legal regulations governing neurodata as a super-sensitive category; ethical concerns related to mental rights, cognitive autonomy, and the potential misuse of memory data; and technological vulnerabilities, including security breaches, unauthorized access, and commercial exploitation of neurodata by cloud service providers. The study argues that neurodata requires a dedicated regulatory framework supported by strict ethical principles and sophisticated security mechanisms. The study concludes that a comprehensive policy combining legal standards, ethical safeguards, and technological safeguards is urgently needed to ensure that cloud-based BCI systems do not compromise human dignity, mental integrity, and fundamental privacy rights.
Legal Analysis of Transaction Security in The Metaverse: Consumer Protection Challenges in The Virtual World Lufiano Tilman Martins; Lala Hucadinota Ainul Amri; Darma Setiawan Putra
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v3i1.43

Abstract

This study aims to analyze legal protection for transaction security in the metaverse and the challenges faced by consumers in the virtual world. The method used is a normative juridical approach with a qualitative approach, combining the Statute Approach to examine laws and regulations, the Conceptual Approach to examine legal concepts related to digital assets, smart contracts, and cybersecurity, and the Comparative Approach to compare consumer protection practices and international regulations in other countries. The research focuses on analyzing the authority of cyber law in protecting users, evaluating the effectiveness of existing regulations, identifying legal challenges resulting from the unique characteristics of the metaverse, and developing legal policy recommendations. The results show that national regulations provide basic protection, but are still limited in addressing the unique risks of virtual transactions, such as digital fraud, hacking, and smart contract disputes. Key legal challenges include cross-border jurisdiction, the legal status of digital assets, and the security of immersive data. This study recommends regulatory updates, transaction security standards, digital dispute resolution mechanisms, and cross-jurisdictional collaboration to strengthen consumer protection. The implications of this research provide a basis for developing adaptive cyber law policies in Indonesia and serve as a reference for international practices in regulating transactions in the metaverse.
Co-Authors Antonio Guterres Darma Setiawan Putra Lala Hucadinota Ainul Amri Salustiano Quintão de Carvalho