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All Journal Islamic Thought Review Academica: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies
Vici Ramananda
Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences Other

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The Dialectic of Faith and Plurality: Assessing the Relevance of Al-Hallaj’s Sufi Thought in the Contemporary Era Vici Ramananda; Gazali Gazali
Academica: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/academica.v10i1.14662

Abstract

This study analyzes al-Hallaj’s Sufi thought within the dialectical framework of particular faith and universal plurality, while formulating its relevance to contemporary religious life in Indonesia. The research is motivated by Indonesia’s pluralistic society, which remains vulnerable to identity-based conflicts, highlighting the need for a theological and spiritual foundation to address intolerance and religious exclusivism. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach. A hermeneutic-philosophical analysis is applied to the primary sources, namely Kitab al-Tawasin and Diwan al-Hallaj, supported by Louis Massignon’s authoritative scholarship and triangulated with relevant peer-reviewed journal articles. The findings reveal three major points. First, authentic faith in al-Hallaj’s Sufism is understood as an inner spiritual experience awakened through divine love (mahabbah) and culminating in fanā’, as symbolized by the expression Ana al-Haqq. Second, the concept of Wahdat al-Adyan, grounded in the doctrine of Nur Muhammad, asserts that religious differences represent historical and exoteric diversity, whereas their essential orientation remains the worship of the One God. Third, al-Hallaj’s thought provides a spiritual foundation for strengthening religious moderation in Indonesia by enriching the meaning of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika while offering an ethical and theological response to radicalism, intolerance, and identity politics. This study contributes a theoretical synthesis linking classical Sufi spirituality with inclusive social ethics in contemporary plural societies.
Epistemological Anarchism and Methodological Pluralism: Reassessing Paul Feyerabend’s Thought in Relation to Islamic Ijtihad Rifat Syauqi Efendi; Ahmad Farid Fanani; Vici Ramananda; Raihan Pradipta
Islamic Thought Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/itr.v3i2.10348

Abstract

This study aims to critically examine the relevance of Paul Feyerabend’s epistemological anarchism to the Islamic tradition of ijtihad, particularly in addressing methodological rigidity within contemporary Islamic scholarship. The increasing dominance of singular methodological frameworks in Islamic studies has contributed to epistemic stagnation and limited interpretive creativity. Employing a qualitative research design based on library research, this study analyzes Feyerabend’s major philosophical works alongside classical and contemporary Islamic epistemological sources. Using descriptive and comparative methods, the analysis explores conceptual convergences between Feyerabend’s critique of methodological absolutism—encapsulated in his principle of “anything goes”—and the inherently pluralistic nature of ijtihad as practiced by classical Muslim jurists. The findings demonstrate that both frameworks emphasize intellectual freedom, contextual reasoning, and the legitimacy of diverse methodological approaches in the pursuit of knowledge and truth. Rather than advocating epistemic relativism, the integration of Feyerabend’s insights with Islamic epistemology offers a model of methodological openness grounded in ethical responsibility and revelatory norms. This study argues that such an epistemological synthesis can contribute to the revitalization of ijtihad by promoting an inclusive, adaptive, and context-sensitive paradigm of Islamic knowledge production, capable of engaging constructively with modern scientific rationality while remaining faithful to the normative foundations of Islamic thought.
Co-Authors Ahmad Farid Fanani Gazali, Gazali Raihan Pradipta Rifat Syauqi Efendi