Ikhlas Rasido
Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Tadulako, Palu 94119, Indonesia

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Application of the Reframing Technique to Improve the Self-Confidence of Students Who Experienced Bullying Dia Doraliana Samori; Ikhlas Rasido; Hasan Hasan; Nur Eka Wahyuningsih Riyadi
Journal of Educational Sciences Vol. 10 No. 7 (2026): Journal of Educational Sciences
Publisher : FKIP - Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jes.10.7.p.886-898

Abstract

Bullying remains a serious problem in schools because it negatively affects students' psychological well-being, particularly their self-confidence. Students who experience bullying often develop negative self-perceptions, become reluctant to express their opinions, and encounter difficulties in social interactions. Therefore, effective counseling interventions are needed to help students reconstruct more positive perspectives about themselves. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of group counseling using the reframing technique in improving the self-confidence of eighth-grade students who experienced bullying at SMP Negeri 14 Palu. This study employed Guidance and Counseling Action Research (PTBK) involving six students selected through purposive sampling. The research was conducted in two action cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and a self-confidence questionnaire, and were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings demonstrated a consistent improvement in students' self-confidence throughout the intervention. The average self-confidence percentage increased from 39.17% during the pre-cycle to 57.67% in Cycle I and reached 73.17% in Cycle II. These findings indicate that group counseling using the reframing technique effectively improved students' self-confidence and can be considered an appropriate counseling intervention for students who experience bullying.