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All Journal Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik
Yuli Anggraini
Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Bengkulu
Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Analisis Yuridis Pengaruh Protokol Kyoto Terhadap Upaya Penanggulangan Pemanasan Global (Global Warming) Yuli Anggraini; Shindy Dwianisa; Ema Septaria; M. Ilham Adepio
Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik | E-ISSN : 3031-8882 Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Januari-Februari
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62379/whc1b554

Abstract

This study examines the juridical analysis of the influence of the Kyoto Protocol on efforts to tackle global warming. Global warming is defined as an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface due to rising greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and agricultural activities. The Kyoto Protocol, as an international legal instrument under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), aims to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations through structured and measurable regulatory mechanisms. It establishes quantitative emission reduction targets, particularly for developed countries, and introduces flexible mechanisms such as Emission Trading, Joint Implementation, and Clean Development Mechanism. However, its effectiveness remains limited due to unequal obligations between developed and developing countries, lack of binding enforcement mechanisms, and the absence of major emitting countries in its implementation. Therefore, although the Kyoto Protocol represents an important milestone in international environmental law, its impact on reducing global warming is still considered less effective.
Peran Perwakilan Diplomatik Indonesia dalam Melindungi Kepentingan Nasional pada Situasi Eskalasi Geopolitik: Studi Kasus Hubungan Indonesia–Iran Shindy Dwianisa; Syafariah Nata Putri; Yuli Anggraini; Laura Shafa Qurratun Nisa
Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik | E-ISSN : 3031-8882 Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Januari-Februari
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62379/kvvd0824

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role and effectiveness of Indonesian diplomatic representatives in Iran in protecting national interests in situations of geopolitical escalation, particularly regarding access to energy routes through the Strait of Hormuz. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, and using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian diplomatic representatives carry out the functions of representation, negotiation, protection, and strategic reporting in accordance with the 1961 Vienna Convention. However, their effectiveness faces various obstacles such as limited bargaining power, geopolitical complexity, policy uncertainty, limited diplomatic instruments, and national energy dependence. Thus, diplomatic relations do not automatically guarantee the protection of national interests, because they are greatly influenced by the dynamics of each country's interests in the global geopolitical context.
Co-Authors Ema Septaria Laura Shafa Qurratun Nisa M. Ilham Adepio Shindy Dwianisa Syafariah Nata Putri