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Otolith Growth-Check Patterns and Morphometric Relationships of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from the Deli River Estuary, North Sumatra, Indonesia Christina Sharon Aprilia Manalu; Deni Efizon; Efawani Efawani; M. Irsyad Nur
Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 31 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jpk.31.2.279-286

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is tolerant of variable aquatic conditions, but fluctuations in growth can be recorded in the macrostructure of its otoliths. This study characterized sagittal otolith morphology, quantified fish–otolith morphometric relationships, described dark growth-check patterns, and evaluated concurrent water-quality conditions in the Deli River Estuary, Belawan Bahari, North Sumatra. Fifty fish (27 females and 23 males) obtained from four artisanal fishing occasions between October and December 2024 were measured for total length, body weight, otolith length, width, and weight. Length–weight relationships were estimated using W = aLᵇ, whereas total length–otolith relationships were assessed by linear regression. Fish measured 180–235 mm and weighed 152–300 g; sagittal otoliths were 4.30–6.77 mm long and 0.0063–0.0630 g in weight. The estimated length–weight exponent was 2.979 in females (95% CI: 2.545–3.414) and 2.463 in males (95% CI: 2.063–2.863), indicating near-isometric growth in females and negative allometry in males. Total length explained 78.4% of male otolith-length variation but only 13.9% in females. Dark growth checks ranged from zero to three; 45 fish (90%) had at least one check, and the first check occurred 0.225–0.300 mm from the nucleus. Temperature was 25–28 °C, pH was 6.0, and dissolved oxygen was 4.09 mg/L. The growth checks indicate episodes of reduced otolith accretion, but their causes and periodicity cannot be assigned without validation. Seasonal sampling, replicate readings, and otolith chemical or physiological analyses are recommended.

Otolith Growth-Check Patterns and Morphometric Relationships of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from the Deli River Estuary, North Sumatra, Indonesia Christina Sharon Aprilia Manalu; Deni Efizon; Efawani Efawani; M. Irsyad Nur
Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 31 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jpk.31.2.279-286

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is tolerant of variable aquatic conditions, but fluctuations in growth can be recorded in the macrostructure of its otoliths. This study characterized sagittal otolith morphology, quantified fish–otolith morphometric relationships, described dark growth-check patterns, and evaluated concurrent water-quality conditions in the Deli River Estuary, Belawan Bahari, North Sumatra. Fifty fish (27 females and 23 males) obtained from four artisanal fishing occasions between October and December 2024 were measured for total length, body weight, otolith length, width, and weight. Length–weight relationships were estimated using W = aLᵇ, whereas total length–otolith relationships were assessed by linear regression. Fish measured 180–235 mm and weighed 152–300 g; sagittal otoliths were 4.30–6.77 mm long and 0.0063–0.0630 g in weight. The estimated length–weight exponent was 2.979 in females (95% CI: 2.545–3.414) and 2.463 in males (95% CI: 2.063–2.863), indicating near-isometric growth in females and negative allometry in males. Total length explained 78.4% of male otolith-length variation but only 13.9% in females. Dark growth checks ranged from zero to three; 45 fish (90%) had at least one check, and the first check occurred 0.225–0.300 mm from the nucleus. Temperature was 25–28 °C, pH was 6.0, and dissolved oxygen was 4.09 mg/L. The growth checks indicate episodes of reduced otolith accretion, but their causes and periodicity cannot be assigned without validation. Seasonal sampling, replicate readings, and otolith chemical or physiological analyses are recommended.

Tissue Structure of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Fed on Cosmos caudatus-Enriched Pellets and Reared in Saline Media Difa Syafwali; Windarti Windarti; Efawani Efawani
Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 31 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jpk.31.1.71-84

Cosmos caudatus is known as an herb that may improve fish health in general. However, the effects of this herb provision on the fish tissue structure have never been studied. To determine any changes in fish tissue provided with C. caudatus-enriched pellets, a study was conducted in June - August 2024. A CRD with 4 treatments: T0 (control), T1 (10 g/kg), T2 (15 g/kg), and T3 (20 g/kg), and 3 replications per treatment was applied. Commercial fish feed pellets were mixed with C. caudatus powder, and this feed was given to the experimental fish 3 times/day, at satiation. The fish was reared in saline media (5 ppt) for 60 days. By the end of the experiment, the tissue was removed and processed for histological study (formalin-fixed, alcohol series processed, 5mm sliced, HE-stained). Results showed that the provision of C. caudatus-enriched pellets does not affect the tissue structure of the fish in general, as the tissue structure was almost normal. However, abnormalities were observed in several fish, including the control fish, including hyperplasia and hemorrhage in the gills, glomerular damage and hemorrhage in kidney tissue, and hepatocyte damage in the liver. As the control fish that were not fed C. caudatus showed abnormalities in their tissues, it is predicted that the provision of C. caudatus may not cause the damage; instead, it may be related to other factors, such as water salinity. T1 (10 g/kg feed) had the highest survival rate at 96.66%. Based on the data provided, it can be concluded that the provision of C. caudatus-enriched pellets does not negatively affect the fish's tissue structure.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF Cosmos caudatus IN PREVENTING HYPERGLYCEMIA DUE TO Aeromonas hydrophila INFECTION IN Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Ronal Kurniawan; Windarti Windarti; Irwan Effendi; Asmika Harnalin Simarmata; Efawani Efawani; Rodhi Firmansyah; Nur Ikhlas Syuhada; Okta Rizal Karsih
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): December
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/ajoas.8.3.319-326

Cosmos caudatus is a herb that benefits overall health. This study aimed to determine the effect of C. caudatus leaf supplementation in feed on blood glucose levels in catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. This study was conducted from March to August 2024 at the Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Riau. The method used was an experimental design employing a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications: negative control (NC, no supplementation, no infection), positive control (PC, no supplementation, with A. hydrophila bacterial infection), supplementation with C. caudatus at doses of 10 g/kg (T1), 15 g/kg (T2), and 20 g/kg (T3) of feed, all tested against A. hydrophila. The fish fry used weighed 5.00 ± 1.00 g and were reared for 75 days in 100-L tanks integrated with an aquaponics system. The fish were fed the experimental feed for 60 days before challenge with A. hydrophila bacteria (10⁸ CFU/mL, intramuscular injection) and continued for 14 days after challenge. Blood glucose levels were measured at the beginning (day 1), day 30, pre-challenge (day 60), and post-challenge (day 75). The results showed that adding basil leaves to the feed affected blood glucose (P<0.05). The addition of C. Caudatus leaves maintained glucose homeostasis within the range of 68.33±10.59-79.67±7.77 mg/dL. These findings indicate that C. Caudatus supplementation effectively prevents hyperglycemia caused by A. hydrohila infection in striped catfish and suggest its potential as a natural immunostimulant and metabolic modulator in aquaculture

Tissue Structure of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Fed on Cosmos caudatus-Enriched Pellets and Reared in Saline Media Difa Syafwali; Windarti Windarti; Efawani Efawani
Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 31 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jpk.31.1.71-84

Cosmos caudatus is known as an herb that may improve fish health in general. However, the effects of this herb provision on the fish tissue structure have never been studied. To determine any changes in fish tissue provided with C. caudatus-enriched pellets, a study was conducted in June - August 2024. A CRD with 4 treatments: T0 (control), T1 (10 g/kg), T2 (15 g/kg), and T3 (20 g/kg), and 3 replications per treatment was applied. Commercial fish feed pellets were mixed with C. caudatus powder, and this feed was given to the experimental fish 3 times/day, at satiation. The fish was reared in saline media (5 ppt) for 60 days. By the end of the experiment, the tissue was removed and processed for histological study (formalin-fixed, alcohol series processed, 5mm sliced, HE-stained). Results showed that the provision of C. caudatus-enriched pellets does not affect the tissue structure of the fish in general, as the tissue structure was almost normal. However, abnormalities were observed in several fish, including the control fish, including hyperplasia and hemorrhage in the gills, glomerular damage and hemorrhage in kidney tissue, and hepatocyte damage in the liver. As the control fish that were not fed C. caudatus showed abnormalities in their tissues, it is predicted that the provision of C. caudatus may not cause the damage; instead, it may be related to other factors, such as water salinity. T1 (10 g/kg feed) had the highest survival rate at 96.66%. Based on the data provided, it can be concluded that the provision of C. caudatus-enriched pellets does not negatively affect the fish's tissue structure.

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