<![CDATA[This article aims to synthesize education policy and primary school governance systems in Asia and Europe from 2020 to 2025. The study employed a PRISMA 2020-based systematic literature review using articles retrieved from Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar. A total of 30 articles were selected through identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and final synthesis. The data were analyzed through descriptive mapping and critical narrative synthesis. The findings show that primary school governance in Asia and Europe does not follow a single model, but reflects a hybrid governance pattern. Asia tends to demonstrate stronger state control, administrative decentralization, and the expansion of school-based management, although these reforms do not always lead to substantive school autonomy. Europe shows stronger local autonomy, institutional accountability, evaluation, and data use. This review confirms that effective primary school governance depends on the balance between national standards, school autonomy, accountability, financing, leadership, equity, community participation, and digital governance. ABSTRAK Artikel ini bertujuan mensintesis kebijakan pendidikan dan sistem tata kelola sekolah dasar di Asia dan Eropa pada periode 2020-2025. Penelitian menggunakan metode systematic literature review berbasis PRISMA 2020 dengan sumber artikel dari Scopus, ERIC, dan Google Scholar. Sebanyak 30 artikel dipilih melalui proses identifikasi, penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, dan sintesis akhir. Data dianalisis melalui pemetaan deskriptif dan sintesis naratif kritis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola sekolah dasar di Asia dan Eropa tidak bergerak dalam satu model tunggal, tetapi membentuk pola governance hibrida. Asia cenderung menampilkan kendali negara yang kuat, desentralisasi administratif, dan penguatan school-based management yang belum selalu menghasilkan otonomi substantif. Eropa lebih menonjol dalam otonomi lokal, akuntabilitas kelembagaan, evaluasi, dan penggunaan data. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa efektivitas tata kelola sekolah dasar bergantung pada keseimbangan antara standar nasional, otonomi sekolah, akuntabilitas, pembiayaan, kepemimpinan, pemerataan, partisipasi masyarakat, dan digital governance. ]]>
