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All Journal Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections
Moh. Nur Rahmat Cono
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Judicial Reasoning on Force Majeure in Banking Credit Agreements Following Natural Disasters Moh. Nur Rahmat Cono; Nirwan Junus; Mohamad Taufiq Zulfikar Sarson
Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections
Publisher : Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.323

Abstract

This article examines judicial reasoning in determining whether a debtor’s failure to perform obligations under a banking credit agreement following a natural disaster constitutes force majeure or breach of contract. It applies normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, with a comparative analysis of Decision Number 9/Pdt.G/2019/PTA.Gtlo of the Gorontalo Religious High Court and Decision Number 97/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Pal of the Palu Religious Court. The study finds that the Gorontalo decision recognized relative overmacht and restricted collateral execution, whereas the Palu decision rejected force majeure because the contractual object remained usable and the debtor lacked sufficient good faith. These differing approaches create uncertainty for creditors in debt recovery, restructuring, and collateral execution. The article proposes assessment indicators based on causation, the condition of the collateral, the temporary or permanent nature of the impediment, debtor good faith, restructuring efforts, and proportional creditor action.
Co-Authors Mohamad Taufiq Zulfikar Sarson Nirwan Junus