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Rakhmawati Farma
Department of Physics, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Design and fabrication of chitin-derived electrodes with optimization of temperature carbonization for energy storage in supercapacitors Rakhmawati Farma; Meisya Meisya; Irma Apriyani; Awitdrus Awitdrus; Erman Taer
Science, Technology, and Communication Journal Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): SINTECHCOM Journal (June 2025)
Publisher : Lembaga Studi Pendidikan dan Rekayasa Alam Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59190/stc.v5i3.310

Abstract

Supercapacitors have become one of the potential solutions for efficient energy storage, and the development of carbon-based electrodes from biomass has received increasing attention due to their sustainability. This study aims to produce carbon electrodes from crab shells (CS) as biomass materials by optimizing the carbonization process with temperature variations of 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C for supercapacitor cell applications. Material characterization shows that the carbonization temperature of 700°C produces carbon electrodes with optimal semicrystalline structures and mesopore dominance, which supports efficient ion diffusion. The CS-700 carbon electrode showed the highest specific capacitance of 118.84 F/g in cyclic voltammetry tests with 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. These results indicate that carbonization at 700°C provides the best electrochemical performance, making it the optimal condition for developing efficient and environmentally friendly mud crab shell biomass-based electrodes for supercapacitor cell applications.
Argon plasma ionization in thermodynamic equilibrium with continuity equation Anshori Kasri; Saktioto Saktioto; Rakhmawati Farma; Ari Sulistyo Rini; Erwin Erwin; Awitdrus Awitdrus
Science, Technology, and Communication Journal Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): SINTECHCOM Journal (June 2025)
Publisher : Lembaga Studi Pendidikan dan Rekayasa Alam Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59190/stc.v5i3.318

Abstract

Local thermodynamic equilibrium is a foundational concept in plasma physics and heat transfer, describing a state where each small region of a system can be treated as if it is in thermodynamic equilibrium, even if the whole system is not. However, achieving accurately perfect thermodynamic equilibrium conditions in real-experiments is often challenging. It often struggles for understanding phenomena like excited states or specific Arrhenius-driven reactions. As a result, the advantages of plasma modeling with simplifications can sometimes overshadow the disadvantages of experiments. This study simulated the ionization process of argon plasma using the 4th order Runge-Kutta numerical method. The simulation, initiated with initial densities before the simulation is run, each of them is electrons 2.6 × 1018 m-3, neutral argon (Ar) 2.6 × 1018 m-3, positive argon ions (Ar+) 2.6 × 1018 m-3, and positive diatomic argon ions (Ar2+) 2.6 × 1018 m-3, successfully obtained reaction rate equilibrium data at the 625th iteration. The final densities observed were 2.46 × 1018 m-3 for electrons, 2.27 × 1018 m-3 for neutral argon, 6.4 × 1015 m-3 for Ar+, and 4.34 × 1017 m-3 for Ar2+. These results show the equilibrium reaction rate in argon plasma which provides information that density of electron and Ar+ species show a decreasing trend while density of Ar and Ar2+ species shows an increasing trend which are the result of ionization and recombination processes in the entire plasma system.
Co-Authors Anshori Kasri Awitdrus Awitdrus, Awitdrus Erman Taer Erwin Erwin Irma Apriyani Juandi Muhammad Meisya Meisya Meryati Pertiwi Rini, Ari Sulistyo Saktioto Saktioto