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All Journal TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) IT JOURNAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Daniel Smith Sunario
STMIK TIME
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Engineering

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Enhancing Early Heart Disease Detection Through Comparative Analysis of Random Forest, Decision Tree, and K-NN Models Kohsasih, Kelvin Leonardi; Smith Sunario, Daniel; Alvin, Alvin; Laurendio, Fedro
IT Journal Research and Development Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : UIR PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/itjrd.2025.24703

Abstract

Heart disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and its rising prevalence challenges health systems. This study evaluates Decision Tree, k Nearest Neighbors, and Random Forest using the Heart Failure Prediction Dataset from Kaggle with 918 records and 12 demographic, clinical, and lifestyle features. The target variable indicates the presence of heart disease. Data preprocessing included cleaning, transformation, and scaling. Hyperparameters were tuned with stratified five fold cross validation to prevent data leakage. Performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, ROC AUC, PR AUC, Matthews Correlation Coefficient, and Brier score each estimated with 95 percent confidence intervals via bootstrap. k Nearest Neighbors achieved the highest accuracy at 90.2 percent, followed by Random Forest at 87.5 percent and Decision Tree at 85.3 percent. Calibration and decision curve analyses indicated that k Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest provided better calibrated probabilities and higher clinical utility across plausible thresholds. The study offers a reproducible evaluation pipeline and supports the use of machine learning for early detection of heart disease while encouraging future work on larger datasets and more advanced models.
A comparative MRI-based study of ResNet-152 and novel deep learning approaches for early Alzheimer’s disease classification Kelvin Leonardi Kohsasih; Octara Pribadi; Andy Andy; Daniel Smith Sunario
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 24, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v24i2.27576

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, making early-stage detection essential for timely intervention. Most prior studies have focused on binary AD classification, which limits sensitivity to disease progression. This study addressed this gap by evaluating whether tailored convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures could improve stage-aware classification using a publicly available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset containing 35,984 images across four diagnostic categories. The dataset underwent grayscale conversion, resizing, contrast enhancement, normalization, and class balancing prior to model development. Four models were trained and compared: ResNet-152, a custom multiclass CNN, a one-vs-one (OvO) model, and a one-vs-rest (OvR) model. Performance was measured using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and confusion-matrix–based metrics. The custom multiclass CNN achieved the strongest performance, yielding the highest accuracy and balanced results across all evaluation metrics. These findings demonstrate the value of systematically comparing decomposition strategies for multi-stage Alzheimer’s detection and highlight the potential of the proposed approach to enhance early diagnostic support. Future work may incorporate multimodal inputs or hybrid architectures to improve sensitivity to subtle structural changes and further strengthen clinical applicability.
Co-Authors Alvin Alvin, Alvin Andy Andy Kelvin Leonardi Kohsasih Laurendio, Fedro Octara Pribadi