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All Journal JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Sapientia Diversalis: Journal of Human Interaction and Social Studies
Indra Purwanto
Walisongo State Islamic University
Social Sciences

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Aristotle’s Distributive Justice as the Basis for Evaluating Criteria for Low-Income Individuals Receiving Legal Aid Indra Purwanto
Journal of Human Interaction and Social Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): : May: Sapientia Diversalis: Journal of Human Interaction and Social Studies
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65310/akts2664

Abstract

This study examines the philosophical and juridical foundations of legal aid eligibility criteria for low income individuals in Indonesia through the perspective of Aristotle’s distributive justice. The research employs a non empirical normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and philosophical approaches. Primary legal materials include the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945, Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid, and Government Regulation Number 42 of 2013. The analysis reveals that the existing legal aid framework primarily relies on administrative indicators of poverty, particularly certificates of indigence and social assistance documentation. While these mechanisms provide procedural certainty, they do not adequately capture actual legal vulnerability, social exclusion, and barriers to accessing justice. Aristotle’s distributive justice demonstrates that the allocation of legal aid should be based on proportional need rather than formal administrative status alone. The study proposes a reconstructed eligibility model incorporating economic capacity, social vulnerability, legal access barriers, legal literacy, and structural disadvantage. Such a framework strengthens substantive justice, improves the accuracy of legal aid distribution, and enhances the realization of equal access to justice within Indonesia’s constitutional legal order.
The Legal Vacuum Regarding Constitutional Complaints Under Article 24C of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the Urgency of Expanding the Powers of the Constitutional Court Indra Purwanto
Journal of Human Interaction and Social Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): : May: Sapientia Diversalis: Journal of Human Interaction and Social Studies
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65310/1j5e1790

Abstract

This study examines the constitutional implications of the absence of constitutional complaint mechanisms within the Indonesian constitutional framework and evaluates the urgency of expanding the authority of the Constitutional Court to strengthen constitutional rights protection. Employing a non empirical normative legal research design, the study analyzes statutory provisions, constitutional doctrines, and comparative constitutional literature through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Secondary legal materials include constitutional provisions, national legislation, and scholarly works on constitutional adjudication and rights protection. The findings indicate that the current constitutional structure provides fragmented remedies that are insufficient to address direct violations of constitutional rights by public authorities. Comparative insights from established constitutional democracies demonstrate that constitutional complaint mechanisms significantly enhance access to constitutional justice, judicial accountability, and the effectiveness of rights enforcement. The study concludes that introducing constitutional complaint jurisdiction would strengthen constitutional supremacy and improve the coherence of constitutional remedies in Indonesia. The research highlights that institutional reform is necessary to bridge gaps in constitutional protection and to enhance the responsiveness of constitutional adjudication to contemporary governance challenges.
Analisis Keberpihakan Presiden dalam Kampanye Politik Berdasarkan Pasal 281 Undang-Undang No 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu Indra Purwanto; Ali Maskur
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i1.11768

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the President's partisanship in political campaigns based on Article 281 of Law Number 7/2017 on General Elections. This issue is important because it concerns the integrity of democracy and public trust in the institution of the presidency. The urgency of this study increased after the President of the Republic of Indonesia showed a symbolic gesture of support for one of the candidate pairs and conveyed his intention to “cawe-cawe” in organizing the 2024 Election. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a literature study approach to legislation, legal literature, and content analysis of print and electronic media coverage. The novelty of this research lies in the focus of analysis on the ambiguity of Article 281 norms that have not specifically regulated the role of the president as a political actor as well as head of state in the context of the campaign. The results show that the President's actions have the potential to violate the principle of neutrality as stipulated in Article 281. On the other hand, the norm is considered multi-interpretive and potentially contradicts Article 4 of the 1945 Constitution, which places the President as the holder of government power. This study concludes that Article 281 of Law No. 7/2017 needs to be revised because it has the potential for multiple interpretations of the President's position in the constitutional system, and risks blurring the line between political authority and ethics of state office.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberpihakan Presiden dalam kampanye politik berdasarkan Pasal 281 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum. Isu ini penting karena menyangkut integritas demokrasi dan kepercayaan publik terhadap institusi kepresidenan. Urgensi kajian ini meningkat setelah Presiden Republik Indonesia menunjukkan gestur simbol dukungan kepada salah satu pasangan calon serta menyampaikan niat untuk “cawe-cawe” dalam penyelenggaraan Pemilu 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan studi literatur terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, serta analisis konten dari pemberitaan media cetak dan elektronik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada fokus analisis terhadap ambiguitas norma Pasal 281 yang belum secara spesifik mengatur peran presiden sebagai aktor politik sekaligus kepala negara dalam konteks kampanye. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan Presiden berpotensi melanggar prinsip netralitas sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 281. Di sisi lain, norma tersebut dinilai multitafsir dan berpotensi bertentangan dengan Pasal 4 UUD 1945 yang menempatkan Presiden sebagai pemegang kekuasaan pemerintahan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Pasal 281 UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 perlu direvisi karena berpotensi multitafsir terhadap posisi Presiden dalam sistem ketatanegaraan, serta berisiko mengaburkan batas antara kewenangan politik dan etika jabatan kenegaraan.  
Co-Authors Ali Maskur