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All Journal Sujud: Jurnal Agama, Sosial dan Budaya Corpus: International Journal of Law and Political Authorit
Gridzanda Magna Yanudza
Jordan University
Religion Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Syarat-Syarat Saksi sebagai Alat Bukti Studi Komparatif antara Fikih Islam dan Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia Gridzanda Magna Yanudza
Sujud: Jurnal Agama, Sosial dan Budaya Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): JUNI-SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Indo Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/zy39da80

Abstract

Kesaksian merupakan salah satu alat pembuktian yang memiliki kedudukan penting dalam fikih Islam dan hukum acara perdata Indonesia. Meskipun kedua sistem hukum tersebut sama-sama menggunakan kesaksian untuk membantu hakim menemukan fakta dan melindungi hak para pihak, keduanya memiliki perbedaan dalam merumuskan persyaratan saksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persyaratan saksi dalam fikih Islam dan hukum acara perdata Indonesia serta menemukan persamaan, perbedaan, dan kemungkinan harmonisasi antara keduanya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap Al-Qur’an, hadis, kitab-kitab fikih empat mazhab, peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, dan artikel jurnal ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fikih Islam dan hukum acara perdata Indonesia memiliki persamaan substantif dalam mensyaratkan kecakapan akal, pengetahuan yang jelas mengenai peristiwa, kemampuan menyampaikan keterangan, serta tidak adanya kepentingan yang merusak objektivitas saksi. Perbedaannya terutama terdapat pada persyaratan agama, jenis kelamin, jumlah saksi, hubungan keluarga, dan konsep keadilan saksi. Fikih menilai kelayakan saksi melalui kualitas moral yang dirumuskan dalam konsep ‘adālah, sedangkan hukum acara perdata Indonesia lebih menekankan kecakapan prosedural dan kredibilitas konkret dalam perkara. Harmonisasi kedua sistem dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan fungsional dengan menempatkan hukum acara perdata sebagai dasar prosedural dan prinsip-prinsip fikih sebagai landasan etik dalam menilai integritas, objektivitas, dan keandalan kesaksian.
Institutionalizing Humanitarian Diplomacy as Statecraft: The Jordanian Model of Small-State Foreign Policy during the Gaza Humanitarian Crisis Gridzanda Magna Yanudza
International Journal of Law and Political Authority Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): : July: Corpus: International Journal of Law and Political Authority
Publisher : CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Humanitarian diplomacy has emerged as an increasingly important instrument of foreign policy for small states seeking to enhance diplomatic influence while maintaining domestic and regional stability. This study examines Jordan’s humanitarian diplomacy during the Gaza humanitarian crisis from October 2023 to June 2026, focusing on how humanitarian action was institutionalized as a component of foreign policy and statecraft. Employing an empirical qualitative single-case study and qualitative content analysis, the research examines official documents from Jordanian governmental institutions, humanitarian organizations, international institutions, and relevant international legal instruments, supported by academic literature on small-state diplomacy and humanitarian diplomacy. The findings demonstrate that field hospitals, humanitarian airdrops, medical evacuations, aid convoys, and diplomatic advocacy operated as interconnected instruments that combined civilian protection with diplomatic engagement and strategic balancing. Humanitarian diplomacy enabled Jordan to strengthen regional cooperation, maintain diplomatic flexibility among competing actors, respond to domestic political expectations, and enhance international legitimacy despite economic and geopolitical constraints. The study proposes a Jordanian Model of Humanitarian Diplomacy characterized by institutional integration, operational humanitarian engagement, multilateral coordination, and strategic balancing. The research contributes to Law and Political Authority scholarship by demonstrating how humanitarian action can operate as a legally grounded form of statecraft through which a resource-constrained small state generates diplomatic agency and political legitimacy.
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