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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (JUKIM) Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat
Hendij Ofian Tololiu
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Kharisma Bandung
Religion Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Sabellianism and the Trinity Doctrine: A Historical and Apologetic Review Hendij Ofian Tololiu
Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 5 No. 04 (2026): Juli: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/jukim.v5i04.2937

Abstract

Sabellianism, also known as Modalistic Monarchianism, emerged during the third century as an attempt to preserve the absolute unity of God. However, this teaching was later rejected by the early Christian Church because it interpreted the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit merely as different modes or manifestations of one divine Person rather than three distinct and eternal Persons. This study aims to examine the historical background and principal teachings of Sabellianism and to compare them with the doctrine of the Trinity from historical, biblical, and apologetic perspectives. The study employed a qualitative library research method using a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach. Primary sources included biblical texts and the writings of the early Church Fathers, while secondary sources consisted of theological, historical, and apologetic literature. The analysis demonstrates that Sabellianism is inconsistent with the biblical testimony concerning the eternal relationship between the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The baptism of Jesus, the Great Commission, and other biblical passages consistently affirm the coexistence and distinction of the three divine Persons while maintaining the unity of the divine essence. Historically, the early Church rejected Sabellianism and affirmed the doctrine of the Trinity through the formulations of the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople. This study concludes that the doctrine of the Trinity provides the most coherent theological framework for understanding the biblical revelation of God and serves as an essential foundation for Christian apologetics in explaining and defending the Christian faith.
Peran Filsafat sebagai Alat Analisis dalam Pengembangan Teologi Kristen Kontemporer Hendij Ofian Tololiu; Victor Deak
Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Agustus : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/sinarkasih.v4i2.725

Abstract

This article explores the strategic role of philosophy, not as a rival or absolute foundation of Christian theology, but as an ancilla theologiae (servant of theology) serving as a tool of critical analysis in the contemporary context. Through a qualitative-analytical approach to the development of 20th- and 21st-century theology, this study demonstrates that philosophy—specifically phenomenology, hermeneutics, and analytical philosophy—has enabled theology to formulate doctrine more precisely, articulate faith in language relevant to secular culture, and conduct ideological critiques of doctrinal distortions. This article argues that a healthy integration of philosophy and theology must remain centered on biblical revelation while recognizing philosophy's methodological autonomy. The implications of this review are significant for discourses on systematic theology, apologetics, and Christian ethics in Indonesia, which frequently grapple with the challenges of pluralism, postmodernity, and the crisis of meaning. This study concludes that philosophy is the "glasses" necessary for theology to see reality more clearly without losing focus on its primary object, namely, God who reveals himself in Christ.
Co-Authors Deak, Victor