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All Journal Journal of Sylva Indonesiana
Sukma Surya Kusumah
National Research and Innovation Agency
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

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Optimizing Nitric Acid Leaching Conditions for Ash and Potassium Reduction in Empty Fruit Bunches-Based Biomass Energy Dwi Jaksana Megah Santosa; Dede Hermawan; Sukma Surya Kusumah; Deded Sarip Nawawi; Jajang Sutiawan
Journal of Sylva Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Sylva Indonesiana
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jsi.v9i01.23044

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) represent an abundant biomass waste in Indonesia with high potential as a solid biofuel. However, the high ash content and the presence of alkali metals such as potassium in EFB contribute to low combustion efficiency and increase the risks of fouling and slagging. This study aims to reduce the ash and potassium content in EFB-based biomass fuel through demineralization using nitric acid (HNO₃). Acid demineralization was conducted using various acid concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) and soaking durations (10, 30, and 60 minutes). The parameters analyzed include ash content, calorific value, potassium content, as well as proximate and ultimate analysis. The results indicate that demineralization using 1% nitric acid for 10 minutes is the optimum condition, successfully reducing the ash content from 7.93% to 3,43% and reduced potassium by 77% (0,087%- 0,02%). In addition, the fix carbon increased (16,11%-18,09%), sulfur decreased (0,115%-0,086%), and the calorific value increased to 4355,83 cal/g. This treatment also increased the carbon and hydrogen content while reducing sulfur content, thereby improving thermal quality and reducing emissions. Acid demineralization using low-concentration nitric acid is effective in reducing ash and potassium content, thereby enhancing the performance of EFB-based biopellets as a biomass energy source.
Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Coconut Coir-Based Composite Roof Tiles with Molasses Polyurethane Coating Riskatul Walidaini; Dede Hermawan; Irsan Alipraja; Mahdi Mubarok; Rudi Hartono; Aprilia Kartikawati; Sukma Surya Kusumah; Jajang Sutiawan
Journal of Sylva Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Sylva Indonesiana
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jsi.v9i02.24871

Abstract

Lightweight roofing materials based on natural fibers are one alternative for developing more efficient and sustainable building materials. Coconut coir is an abundant agricultural waste product with potential as a raw material for composite roof tiles. This study aims to evaluate the effect of molasses concentration variation on the physical and mechanical properties of coconut coir-based composite roof tiles coated with polyurethane. Composite roof tiles are produced from coconut coir particles and coated using a polyurethane system with varying molasses concentrations. Physical property testing included density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling, while mechanical properties were evaluated through flexural testing. All tests were conducted in accordance with JIS A 5908:2003 standards and analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that variations in molasses concentration in the polyurethane coating system did not have a statistically significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of composite tiles. Polyurethane-molasses coating tended to reduce water absorption and thickness swelling compared to uncoated tiles, but did not show a consistent pattern of change. The mechanical properties of composite tiles were relatively similar across all treatments, indicating that tile performance is more influenced by the material's internal characteristics and the compaction process.
Co-Authors Aprilia Kartikawati Dede Hermawan Deded Sarip Nawawi Dwi Jaksana Megah Santosa Irsan ALIPRAJA Jajang Sutiawan Jajang Sutiawan Mahdi Mubarok Riskatul Walidaini Rudi Hartono