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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES (POLRI)
Aloysius Uwiyono
Universitas Trisakti
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Public Health Social Sciences

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LEGAL PROTECTION FOR DECEASED RECIPIENTS OF NOTARIAL WILLS Ira Sudjono; Aloysius Uwiyono; Endang Pandamdari
POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): APRIL
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/polri.v3i2.1145

Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the legal protection provided to the community in relation to the copies of wills created by deceased notaries. This research falls under the category of normative law and adopts both a statutory and case-based approach. The study utilizes primary and secondary data, drawing from various legal sources including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings reveal that the submission of the Notarial Protocol should be completed within 30 days, accompanied by an official report signed by both the submitter (heir) and the recipient (notary). It is not uncommon for the family and heirs of a deceased notary to lack understanding of the rules and procedures pertaining to the transfer of notary protocols. This knowledge gap can be attributed to the insufficient education provided to the notary's family, heirs, employees, as well as the wider community by the notary themselves, notary organizations, and the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. Additionally, there is a legal vacuum in the judicial system concerning potential issues that may arise during the submission process of notary protocols. Therefore, it is imperative to reformulate the regulations governing the submission of notary protocols, including the implementation of sanctions for negligent heirs and temporary notary officials who fail to submit the protocols of deceased notaries. Furthermore, the introduction of electronic-based storage systems for notary protocols should be considered to ensure legal certainty for the public.
U.S. Court Ruling on Trump's Reciprocal Tariffs, the Role of the WTO, and Its Implications for the 19% Indonesia–U.S. Tariff Agreement Sari Amalia Dewi; Aloysius Uwiyono; Rosdiana Saleh
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science Vol. 5 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/ijoms.v5i5.1262

Abstract

The United States’ reciprocal tariff policy under President Donald Trump, implemented through the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), aimed to balance trade terms via unilateral tariff adjustments. However, the policy was declared illegal by several U.S. courts, including the Court of International Trade (CIT) and the Federal Circuit. At the same time, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been effectively paralyzed due to the dysfunction of its Appellate Body, leaving no effective multilateral mechanism to address violations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Amid this legal uncertainty, a 19 percent tariff agreement between Indonesia and the United States emerged in 2025 as a bilateral arrangement to stabilize trade relations. This study applies a legal-normative approach, focusing on the interpretation and analysis of legal norms derived from regulations, court decisions, and international agreements. By examining these elements through a doctrinal and positivist lens, the study evaluates the coherence and hierarchy of legal authority among U.S. domestic rulings, WTO obligations, and bilateral agreements. It argues that the intersection of U.S. rulings, WTO dysfunction, and bilateral agreements highlights fragmentation within the international trade law system. The traditional rules-based order championed by the GATT–WTO system has increasingly been supplanted by overlapping domestic laws and political compromises. The Indonesia–U.S. tariff agreement illustrates a shift from multilateral legal certainty to bilateral pragmatism, signaling the erosion of legal coherence and the growing dominance of executive discretion in modern trade governance.
Co-Authors Endang Pandamdari Ira Sudjono Rosdiana Saleh, Rosdiana Sari Amalia Dewi