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All Journal Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET) Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Didi Dwi Anggoro
Universitas Diponegoro
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Recent Advances in Catalytic Systems for the Sustainable Synthesis of Ethyl Levulinate from Biomass Mhd. Shaumi Al Anshar; Luqman Buchori; Didi Dwi Anggoro; Setia Budi Sasongko; Istadi
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): May - July
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v7i3.1973

Abstract

The esterification of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate presents challenges in catalyst efficiency, reusability, and environmentally friendly process design, restricting commercial scalability.  This study examines recent studies on diverse catalysts, including Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, and their effects on yield.  DES is positioned as a more sustainable option, with yields as high as 99.8%, quicker reaction times, and a lower environmental effect.  While heterogeneous catalysts require harsher conditions and have reusability difficulties, DES provides a greener and more efficient alternative to produce ethyl levulinate.  Life cycle assessments (LCA) of DES procedures reveal reductions in energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions of up to 69.72%.  Future research should focus on improving DES recovery and scalability for industrial applications.  This effort supports the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Synthesis of Boehmite Catalyst Using A Natural Soft Template for The Deoxygenation of Waste Cooking Oil Into Biofuel: Effect of Sapindus Rarak Extraction and Process Optimization Didi Dwi Anggoro; Luqman Buchori; M. Hasim Muzadi; Brilliant Umara Le Monde; Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji; Sudiyarmanto; Wawan Rustyawan
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2074

Abstract

The development of environmentally friendly catalysts for converting waste cooking oil (WCO) into renewable energy continues to attract significant attention. In this study, mesoporous boehmite (γ-AlOOH) was synthesized from alumina derived from Lapindo mud, using Sapindus rarak extract (SRE) as a natural soft template. The saponins present in SRE play a role in regulating structure, controlling crystal growth, and enhancing porosity during the hydrothermal synthesis process. Characterization results confirmed the formation of orthorhombic γ-AlOOH, with improved physicochemical properties observed as the SRE concentration increased. The catalyst synthesized with 50 wt% SRE exhibited a surface area of 85.72 m²/g and a well-defined mesoporous structure. Nickel was subsequently incorporated into the 50 wt% SRE-derived γ-AlOOH to generate bifunctional catalytic sites, which are essential for the deoxygenation of WCO into biofuel. Process parameter optimization was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as 4 hours of reaction time, a temperature of 350°C, and a catalyst concentration of 5 wt%, resulting in a product yield of 78.37%. GC–MS analysis revealed that the products were predominantly composed of C15–C21 hydrocarbons, indicating biofuel formation via decarboxylation, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarbonylation pathways. This study demonstrates that γ-AlOOH synthesized using an SRE-based template is a promising and sustainable catalyst for biofuel production from WCO.
Co-Authors Brilliant Umara Le Monde Istadi Luqman Buchori M. Hasim Muzadi Mhd. Shaumi Al Anshar Setia Budi Sasongko Sudiyarmanto Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji Wawan Rustyawan