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All Journal Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji
Universitas Diponegoro
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy

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Dual-Waste Valorization: Sustainable Biodiesel Production from High-FFA Sludge Palm Oil Using Silica-Rich Water Treatment Sludge as A Low-Cost Catalyst Support M. Anshari; Meta Rivani; Muhammad Erlangga Habibi Nasution; Muhammad Ansori Nasution; Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2051

Abstract

To address feedstock costs and environmental sustainability, this study employed a dual-waste valorization strategy by converting high-free fatty acid (FFA) sludge palm oil (SPO) into biodiesel using silica-rich water treatment sludge from PDAM as a low-cost support for a heterogeneous K2O/SiO2 catalyst. Due to the high initial acidity of SPO, a two-step process was used: acid esterification to reduce FFA levels below 2%, followed by alkaline transesterification. Optimization of the reaction parameters identified the ideal conditions as 6% catalyst loading, a 15:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, and a 2-hour reaction time at 63°C. Under these conditions, the process achieved a biodiesel yield of 70.43% with a high methyl ester purity of 98.01%. The produced biodiesel met the SNI 7182:2015 quality standards for density and acid number. Although the catalyst demonstrated stability over two consecutive cycles, its activity declined in the third cycle due to active-site leaching. This work confirms the viability of integrating industrial and municipal waste streams for sustainable and cost-effective bioenergy production.
Synthesis of Boehmite Catalyst Using A Natural Soft Template for The Deoxygenation of Waste Cooking Oil Into Biofuel: Effect of Sapindus Rarak Extraction and Process Optimization Didi Dwi Anggoro; Luqman Buchori; M. Hasim Muzadi; Brilliant Umara Le Monde; Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji; Sudiyarmanto; Wawan Rustyawan
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2074

Abstract

The development of environmentally friendly catalysts for converting waste cooking oil (WCO) into renewable energy continues to attract significant attention. In this study, mesoporous boehmite (γ-AlOOH) was synthesized from alumina derived from Lapindo mud, using Sapindus rarak extract (SRE) as a natural soft template. The saponins present in SRE play a role in regulating structure, controlling crystal growth, and enhancing porosity during the hydrothermal synthesis process. Characterization results confirmed the formation of orthorhombic γ-AlOOH, with improved physicochemical properties observed as the SRE concentration increased. The catalyst synthesized with 50 wt% SRE exhibited a surface area of 85.72 m²/g and a well-defined mesoporous structure. Nickel was subsequently incorporated into the 50 wt% SRE-derived γ-AlOOH to generate bifunctional catalytic sites, which are essential for the deoxygenation of WCO into biofuel. Process parameter optimization was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as 4 hours of reaction time, a temperature of 350°C, and a catalyst concentration of 5 wt%, resulting in a product yield of 78.37%. GC–MS analysis revealed that the products were predominantly composed of C15–C21 hydrocarbons, indicating biofuel formation via decarboxylation, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarbonylation pathways. This study demonstrates that γ-AlOOH synthesized using an SRE-based template is a promising and sustainable catalyst for biofuel production from WCO.
Co-Authors Brilliant Umara Le Monde Didi Dwi Anggoro Luqman Buchori M. Anshari M. Hasim Muzadi Meta Rivani Muhammad Ansori Nasution Muhammad Erlangga Habibi Nasution Sudiyarmanto Wawan Rustyawan