Alfin Dwi Novemyanto
Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Legal and Economic Harmonization of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) as a Strategy for Sustainable Plastic Waste Management in Southeast Asia Alfin Dwi Novemyanto
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 3, No 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17403120

Abstract

The problem of plastic waste in Southeast Asia has become a global environmental issue that imposes economic costs and threatens marine ecosystems. UNEP (2021) and World Bank (2021) identify Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand as major contributors to marine plastic leakage. Although several countries have adopted Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in national policy, implementation is weak and lacks regional harmonization. This study combines normative legal research with economic impact analysis using international datasets to identify regulatory gaps and evaluate the potential benefits of harmonized EPR across ASEAN. Results indicate that fragmented legal frameworks, limited monitoring capacity, and insufficient economic incentives undermine EPR effectiveness. Economic modeling estimates annual losses exceeding USD 6 billion from plastic leakage, costs borne by communities and governments. Scenario analysis suggests that harmonized legal standards and cost-internalization via EPR could reduce leakage by up to 40% while generating employment in circular-economy sectors. The findings underscore that legal-economic integration is essential: enforceable regional rules, transparent financial flows, and producer-funded mechanisms grounded in the polluter-pays principle are needed. The study recommends an ASEAN binding framework for EPR, standardized reporting and independent audits, and blended-finance instruments to bridge investment gaps and accelerate the transition to sustainable plastic economy.
Reconstruction of Bank Indonesia’s Administrative Supervision over Surcharge Practices within the QRIS Ecosystem Alfin Dwi Novemyanto
Socratika: Journal of Progressive Education and Social Inquiry Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : South Sulawesi Education Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58230/socratika.v3i3.955

Abstract

The emergence of surcharge practices in QRIS transactions raises administrative-law issues concerning pricing, market practices, PSP compliance, and Bank Indonesia’s supervisory framework within the payment system. This study aims to analyze the regulatory construction of surcharge, the administrative supervision and accountability of PSPs, and the reconstruction of Bank Indonesia’s supervisory framework under PBI No. 10 of 2025. The study employs normative legal research using statute and conceptual approaches, supported by primary and secondary legal materials and analyzed through grammatical, systematic, teleological, synchronization, and prescriptive analysis. The findings reveal a normative gap between Article 110 paragraph (3), which establishes PSP responsibility for the implementation of market practices by cooperating parties, and Article 134 paragraph (1), which does not expressly include paragraph (3) as a basis for administrative sanctions, thereby requiring a distinction between PSP administrative failure and strict liability for merchant-level violations. The study proposes the P-D-V-C-E model (Prevention-Detection-Verification-Correction-Enforcement), integrating risk-based, compliance-based, data-driven, and responsive regulation approaches to establish a preventive, proportionate, and ecosystem-based administrative supervision framework for surcharge practices in the QRIS ecosystem.