<![CDATA[The emergence of surcharge practices in QRIS transactions raises administrative-law issues concerning pricing, market practices, PSP compliance, and Bank Indonesia’s supervisory framework within the payment system. This study aims to analyze the regulatory construction of surcharge, the administrative supervision and accountability of PSPs, and the reconstruction of Bank Indonesia’s supervisory framework under PBI No. 10 of 2025. The study employs normative legal research using statute and conceptual approaches, supported by primary and secondary legal materials and analyzed through grammatical, systematic, teleological, synchronization, and prescriptive analysis. The findings reveal a normative gap between Article 110 paragraph (3), which establishes PSP responsibility for the implementation of market practices by cooperating parties, and Article 134 paragraph (1), which does not expressly include paragraph (3) as a basis for administrative sanctions, thereby requiring a distinction between PSP administrative failure and strict liability for merchant-level violations. The study proposes the P-D-V-C-E model (Prevention-Detection-Verification-Correction-Enforcement), integrating risk-based, compliance-based, data-driven, and responsive regulation approaches to establish a preventive, proportionate, and ecosystem-based administrative supervision framework for surcharge practices in the QRIS ecosystem.]]>
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