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All Journal Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage Local History & Heritage
Muhammad Ardiansyah Rasuna
Universitas Negeri Medan
Arts Humanities Social Sciences

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Sekolah Rakyat during the Colonial Period: An Instrument of Colonial Control and a Space of Emancipation in the History of Indonesian Education Risma Juniati Tambunan; Yudha Rivaldo Silalahi; Nadia Ramadhani; Muhammad Ardiansyah Rasuna; Hobblinnardo Simanullang; Arfan Diansyah
Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage Vol 6, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Mahesa Research Center (PT. Mahesa Global Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34007/warisan.v6i3.3041

Abstract

This article examines Sekolah Rakyat (Volksschool) within the structure of the Dutch colonial education system in Indonesia, situating it in the broader context of colonial governance and the Ethical Policy. The study addresses how Volksschool functioned simultaneously as an instrument of colonial control and as a site that generated unintended emancipatory consequences for the indigenous population. Employing historical research methods with a qualitative library approach—comprising heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography—this research analyzes colonial education regulations, curriculum documents, and statistical reports from the early twentieth century. The findings reveal that Volksschool was designed to produce a disciplined, low-skilled indigenous labor force through a restricted curriculum focused on basic literacy, numeracy, and practical knowledge. Archival data, however, indicate measurable increases in literacy rates and school participation, which facilitated access to printed media and engagement in early nationalist organizations. The study argues that while Volksschool reinforced colonial administrative structures and social stratification, it also unintentionally laid structural foundations for the growth of national consciousness and the subsequent development of Indonesia’s national education discourse.
Transformasi Pakaian Masyarakat Batak di Bawah Pengaruh Budaya Kolonial Belanda, 1893–1942: Analisis Foto Koleksi Digital Library Universitas Negeri Medan Talenta Febriani Situmeang; Desman Poulin Sitohang; Nurul Khoiriyah Siregar; Muhammad Ardiansyah Rasuna; Joshua Jofrat Erikogusto Hutapea; Siti Mawar Naibaho; Pidia Amelia
Local History & Heritage Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Medan Resource Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57251/lhh.v5i2.1853

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of Batak clothing under the influence of Dutch colonial culture between 1893 and 1942, as reflected in historical photographs from the Digital Library of Universitas Negeri Medan. The research is grounded in the socio-cultural dynamics of colonial encounters, where clothing became a visible marker of adaptation, resistance, and negotiation of identity among the Batak people. The central research question explores how Dutch colonial values and modernity shaped local dress patterns and aesthetic expressions during this period. Using a qualitative visual analysis method, the study systematically interprets photographic archives to uncover shifts in material, style, and symbolic meaning of Batak attire. The findings reveal that colonial interaction not only introduced new fabrics and tailoring techniques but also influenced social hierarchies, gender representation, and perceptions of respectability within Batak society. The study concludes that clothing transformation during the colonial era reflects a hybridization process—merging indigenous traditions with colonial modernity—signifying both cultural adaptation and subtle resistance to colonial hegemony.
Co-Authors arfan diansyah Desman Poulin Sitohang Hobblinnardo Simanullang Joshua Jofrat Erikogusto Hutapea Nadia Ramadhani Nurul Khoiriyah Siregar Pidia Amelia Risma Juniati Tambunan Siti Mawar Naibaho Talenta Febriani Situmeang Yudha Rivaldo Silalahi