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Path Analysis on Factors Affecting the Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Surakarta, Central Java Devi Marlina; Didik Gunawan Tamtomo; RB. Soemanto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that cannot be cured entirely, which greatly affects the quality of life. People with dia

Effect of Dementia, Family Support, Peer Support, Type of Residence, and Marital Status on Quality of Life of the Elderly in Surakarta, Central Java Sri Suwarni; RB. Soemanto; Aris Sudiyanto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: The aging population is increasing in Indonesia and worldwide. Indonesia is one of the countries that has high aging population structure. As such, the quality of life of the elderly is of major concern. This study aimed to determine the effect of dementia, family support, peer support, type of residence, and marital status on quality of life of the elderly in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. A total sample of 218 elderly people in Surakarta, Central Java, was selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling, with 1:3 ratio consisting of 50 elderly people living in Dharma Bakti nursing home and 168 elderly people living with their families in the community. The dependent variable was health-related quality of life. The independent variables were dementia, family support, peer support, type of residence, and marital status. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Better quality of life of the elderly was directly increased by strong peer support (b= 0.25, p<0.001), strong family support (b= 0.59, p= 0.002), mild dementia (b= 1.79, p<0.001), and being married (b= 12.73, p= 0.039). Better quality of life was also increased indirectly by strong peer support (b= 0.67, p= 0.012) and living with families (b= 22.93, p<0.001), through family support.Conclusion: Better quality of life of the elderly is directly increased by strong peer support, strong family support, mild dementia, and being married. It is indirectly increase by strong peer support and living with families.Keyword: quality of life, dementia, family support, peer support, elderlyCorrespondence: Sri Suwarni. School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta. Email: tanasfa@gmail.comJournal of Epidemiologi and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 83-94https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.07

Multilevel Analysis on the Socio-Cultural, Lifestyle Factors, and School Environment on the Risk of Overweight in Adolescents, Karanganyar District, Central Java Aris Widiyanto; Bhisma Murti; RB. Soemanto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) data in 2013 showed that the prevalence of overweight among adolescents aged 13-15 years was 10.8%. Karanganyar district is ranked fourth by the number of overweight adolescents cases in Central Java with prevalence of 8.2%. This study aimed to determine the asssociation between socio-cultural, lifestyle factors, and school environment on the risk of overweight in adolescents, Karanganyar District, Central Java, using social cognitive theory (SCT), PRECEDE-PROCEED model, and multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 25 junior high schools in Karanganyar district, Central Java, in December 2017. A sample of 200 junior high school students were selected for this study by stratified sampling and fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was overweight. The independent variables were nutritional intake, snacking habits, physical activity, self efficacy, paternal BMI, maternal BMI, peer group influence, and school environment. Body weight data was measured by digital scale. Contextual effect of school environment was measured by the number of snack sellers at school. Other data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel analysis.Results: High nutritional intake (b= 1.56, SE = 0.73, p= 0.032), high snacking habits (b= 1.27, SE = 0.70; p= 0.069), paternal BMI ≥23 (b= 1.60; SE= 0.79; p= 0.042 ), maternal BMI ≥23 (b= 2.29; SE = 0.76; p = 0.002), parent income ≥minimum regional wage (b= 2.17; SE= 0.76; p= 0.004), and strong peer group influence (b= 2.22; SE = 0.65; p= 0.001) increased the risk of overweight in adolescents. High self-efficacy (b= -3.61, SE= 0.75, p <0.001) and high physical activity (b= -2.92; SE= 0.80; p <0.001) decreased the risk of overweight in adolescents. Intraclass correlation= 9.92% indicating considerable contextual effect of school environment.Conclusion: Nutritional intake, snack habits, paternal BMI, maternal BMI, family income, and peer influence increase the risk of overweight in adolescent. Self-efficacy and high physical activity decrease the risk of overweight in adolescent. School environment has a considerable contextual effect on overweight in adolescents.Keyword: overweight, social cultural factor, adolescents, school environmentCorrespondence: Aris Widiyanto. School of Health Sciences Mambaul Ulum, Jl. Ring Road Utara, Tawangsari, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: widiyanto.aris99@gmail.com. Mobile: 081329209095.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 94-104https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.08

Socioeconomic Determinants of Healthy Ageing and the Contextual Effect of Peer Group: A Multilevel Evidence from Blora, Central Java Niena Ayu Cahyaningtyas; Aris Sudiyanto; RB. Soemanto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Healthy ageing is about "optimizing opportunities for good health, so that older people can take an active part in society and enjoy an independent and high quality of life". This study aimed to examine the socioeconomic determinants of healthy ageing and the contextual effect of peer group in Blora, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Blora, Central Java.A sample of 200 elderly was selected for this study by snowball sampling. The dependent variable was healthy ageing. The independent variables were nutrition intake, age, religiosity, education, and perceived financial position. Data on healthy ageing was collected by WHOQOL-BREF. The other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multilevel model.Results: Healthy ageing was positively affected by strong religous belief (b= 6.75; 95% CI= 3.91 to 9.59; p<0.001), better education (b= 8.16; 95% CI= 4.26 to 12.07; p<0.001), better perceived financial position (b= 6.46; 95% CI= 2.86 to 10.07; p<0.001), and good nutritional status (b= 6.79; 95% CI= 3.76 to 9.83; p<0.001).Conclusion: Healthy ageing is positively affected by strong religous belief, better education, better perceived financial position, and good nutritional status.Keywords: healthy ageing, religious belief, elderly, ageing, peer support groupCorrespondence:

Path Analysis on the Determinants of Depression Symptom in Elderly: A PRECEDE PROCEED Model Zela Tunurrohmin; RB. Soemanto; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 4 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Mental health problems such as depression get less attention. This is due to the stigma that depression and mental health are things that do not need special attention. The population with the highest level of depression in Indonesia is experienced by the elderly. Depression in the elderly is caused by health factors, loss of loved ones and peer support and family support. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of depressive symptoms in elderly.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from September to October 2019. A sample of 200 elderly aged >60 years old was selected by cluster random sampling. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms. The independent variables were gender, education, employment status, marital status, residence, morbidity, family support, and peer support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly increased with the elderly who did not have a partner (b= 8.42; 95% CI= 5.75 to 11.1; p <0.001), female gender (b= 4.83; 95% CI = 2.38 to 7.27; p<0.001), elderly who do not work (b= 2.85; 95% CI= 0.32 to 5.38; p= 0.027), have morbidity (b= 12.53; 95% CI= 0.16 to 4.89; p= 0.036). The risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly decreased with strong peer support (b= -2.79; 95% CI= -5.01 to -0.56; p= 0.014), strong family support (b = -8.67; 95% CI = -11.38 to - 5.97; p <0.001). The risk of depressive symptoms was indirectly affected by education and residenceConclusion: The risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly increases with the elderly who do not have partners, gender, employment status, and morbidity. The risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly decreases with peer support, family support. The risk of depressive symptoms is indirectly affected by education and residence.Keywords: depression symptoms, elderlyCorrespondence:

Contextual Effect of Integrated Health Post, Socioeconomic and Physical and Mental Health Determinants on the Quality of Life among Elderly in Klaten, Central Java Annisa Nur Fauziyah; RB. Soemanto; Rita Benya Adriani
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: The increase in life expectancy has an impact on the number of elderly which has increased from 9.3% (2018) to 15.8% (2035). Decreased body function in the elderly disturbs health and inhibits activities so that quality of life decreases. The purpose of this study was to ana

Socioeconomic and Cultural Determinants of Early Marriage in Ngawi, East Java: Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model Noviana Ayumi Wijayati; RB. Soemanto; Ety Poncorini Pamungkasari
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

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Background: Indonesia ranks 37 of the countries in the world with the highest rate of early marriage. Center for Gender and Sexuality Studies, University of Indonesia reported in 2015 that Indonesia rank the second highest rate of early marriage in South East Asia. Approximately 2 millions (7.3%) girls aged under 15 years old have been married and dropped out of school. This number is expected to become 3 million married girls in 2030. This study aimed to determine the effect of socioeconomic and cultural factors on early marriage in Ngawi, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with case control design. Study subjects consisted of 75 women of reproductive age who got married before 20 years old and 75 women of reproductive age who got married had 20-30 years of age. The dependent variable was early marriage. The independent variables were paternal education level, maternal education level, family income, family belief, culture, and peers. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Early marriage was positively affected by family belief (b=1.47; 95% CI= 0.44 to 2.50; p=0.005) and culture (b=1.56; 95% CI= 0.54 to 2.58; p=0.003). Early marriage was negatively affected by family income (b=-2.20; 95% CI= -3.18 to -1.21; p<0.001) and positive peers (b=-2.51; 95% CI= -3.58 to -1.44; p<0.001). Family income was affected by paternal education (b=2.24; 95% CI= 0.37 to 4.12; p=0.019) and maternal education (b= 6.53; 95% CI= 4.25 to 8.80; p<0.001). Family belief was affected by paternal education (b= -1.20; 95% CI= -2.10 to -0.30; p= 0.009) and maternal education (b= -1.20; 95% CI= -2.10 to -0.30; p= 0.009).Conclusion: Early marriage is directly affected by family income, family belief, culture, and positive peers.Keyword: early marriage, family education, family income, family belief, culture, peersCorrespondence: Noviana Ayumi Wijayati. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: novianaayumi@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285645828766.Journal of Health Promotion and Behaviour (2017), 2(4): 302-312https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.02.04.02

Determinants of Successful Smoking Cessation in Surakarta Joko Tri Atmodjo; RB. Soemanto; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

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Background: Smoking cessation is not an easy endeavor as tobacco addiction is a group of behavioral, cognitive and physiological phenomena. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of successful smoking cessation using health belief model (HBM), PRECEDE-PROCEED model, and theory of planned behavior (TPB).Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. It was conducted in Surakarta, in December 2017. A sample of 165 study subjects consisting of 68 ex-smokers who were successful in smoking cessation and 97 smokers who were unsuccessful in smoking cessation, by snowball sampling. The dependent variable was smoking cessation. The independent variables were intention to quit smoking, attitude toward smoking cessation, outcome expectation, addiction, stress, perceived behavioral control (PBC), subjective norm, social support, family income, purchasing power, smoking duration, and access to cigarette. The data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis.Results: Successful smoking cessation was directly affected by strong intention (b= 2.39, SE= 0.51, p <0.001), duration of smoking (≥10 years) (b= -3.46; SE= 0.57; p <0.001), and easy access to cigarettes (b= -1.28; SE= 0.52; p= 0.008). Intention is was affeced by positive attitude (b = 0.79, SE= 0.39, p= 0.046), positive PBC (b= 1.89, SE= 0.40; p<0.001), high purchasing power (b= -1.23; SE= 0.39; p= 0.002), and positive subjective norm (b= 1.38; SE= 0.40; p= 0.001). Positive PBC was affected by duration of smoking (≥10 years) (b= -2.32; SE= 0.47; p<0.001), positive outcome expectation (b= 1.04; SE= 0.49; p= 0.035), and addiction (b= -2.96; SE= 0.49; p<0.001). Positive attitude was affected by positive expectation outcomes (b= 1.09; SE= 0.34; p= 0.001). Positive subjective norm (b= 0.77; SE = 0.33; p= 0.020) and positive outcome expectation (b= 0.77; SE= 0.33; p= 0.020) were affected by social support. Smoking duration was affected by stress (b= 0.09; SE=- 0.04; p= 0.018). Cigarette purchasing power was affected by high income (b=2.78; SE= 1.43; p= 0.053).Conclusion: Successful smoking cessation is directly affected by intention, smoking duration, stress, and access to cigarette. Success smoking cessation is indirectly affected by attitude, addiction, PBC, subjective norm, social support, outcome expectation, family income, purchasing power.Keyword: smoking cessation, HBM, PRECEDE-PROCEED, TPBCorrespondence: Joko Tri Atmojo. School of Health Sciences Mamba'ul 'Ulum, Surakarta, Jl. Ring Road Utara, Tawangsari, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: jokotriatmojo1@gmail.com. Mobile: 081393319000.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(4): 332-344https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.04.05

The Contextual Effect of School on Smoking Behavior among Male High School Students Tria Arifianti; RB. Soemanto; Hanung Prasetya
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

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Background: Indonesia was a country with high cigarette production and consumption. The smoking prevalence in adolescents aged 13-15 years in several countries included Argentina (3.7%), Egypt (3.7%), America (3.4%) and Indonesia (2.8%). The impact of cigarette exposure both as active and passive smokers such as the occurrence of various diseases included impotence, various types of cancer, respiratory diseases, coronary heart disease and others. This study aimed to analyze the contextual effect of school on smoking behavior among students.Subjects and method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Bantul, Yogyakarta, from April to May 2019. A sample of 200 male adolescents was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was smoking behavior. The independent variables were knowledge, family role, peer role, cigarette price, pocket money, and attitude. The data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: Smoking behavior was negatively associated with poor knowledge (b= -3.30; 95% CI= -0.35 to -0.09; p= 0.001), strong family role (b= -3.11; 95% CI= -1.15 to -0.26; p= 0.002), strong peer role (b= -3.92; 95% CI= -1.10 to -0.36; p< 0.001), cigarette price <Rp 10,000 (b= -2.81; 95% CI= -1.10 to -0.19; p= 0.005), money pocket >Rp 300,000 (b= -3.79; 95% CI= -5.75 to -0.01; p<0.001), and negative attitude (b= -3.37; 95% CI= -0.15 to -0.05; p = 0.001). School had contextual effect on smoking behavior with ICC= 14.00%.Conclusion: Smoking behavior is negatively associated with poor knowledge, strong family role, strong peer role, low cigarette price, high money pocket, and negative attitude. School has contextual effect on smoking behavior.Keywords: smoking behavior, adolescents, peers, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Tria Arifianti. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: tria.arifianti@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285866515112.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(1): 76-84https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.01.08

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