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All Journal Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Setyo Sri Rahardjo
Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Risk Factors of Hypertension among Women in Sragen, Central Java Sudaryanto Sudaryanto; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Dono Indarto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (274.89 KB)

Abstract

Background: Hypertension has become a global problem because its prevalence continues to increase to the stage of worrying. Health profile data of Sragen District Health Office in 2014 showed that out of 175,750 people aged >18 years who took blood pressure measurement, there were 28.73% (50,499 people) identified as having high blood pressure and 25,928 of them were women. This study aimed to examine the risk factors of hypertension among women in Sragen, Central Java, Indonesia.Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Sragen, Central Java. The total sample of 200 women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were age, history of hypertension, stress, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, salt consumption, coffee consumption, body mass index (BMI), and cholesterol level. Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. The other data were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Age ?40 years (OR= 5.27; 95% CI= 1.81 to 15.28; p= 0.002), had history of hypertension (OR= 4.75; 95% CI= 1.46 to 15.39; p= 0.009), stress (OR= 5.32; 95% CI= 1.50 to 18.84; p= 0.009), smoking (OR= 17.51; 95% CI= 1.18 to 258.70; p= 0.037), low physical activity (OR= 7.89; 95% CI= 2.44 to 25.51; p = 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR= 23.06; 95% CI= 1.49 to 335.39; p= 0.025), salt consumption (OR= 16.68; 95% CI= 1.61 to 172.83; p= 0.018), coffee consumption (OR= 4.19; 95% CI= 1.03 to 16.98; p= 0.045), BMI (OR= 5.60; 95% CI= 1.23 to 9.71; p= 0.018), high total cholesterol (OR= 6.49; 95% CI = 2.00 to 21.05; p = 0.002) increased the risk of hypertension among women. Nagelkerke R Square= 72.2%.Conclusion: Age ?40 years, history of hypertension, stress, smoking, low physical activity, alcohol consumption, salt consumption, coffee consumption, BMI, high total cholesterol increase the risk of hypertension among women.Keyword: hypertension, determinants, womenCorrespondence:
Application of the Health Belief Model to Non-Alcohol Drinking Behavior Among Adolescents in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Muhammad Azim Zaqfaryawan; Ika Sumiyarsih Sukamto; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Argyo Demartoto; Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.07

Abstract

Background: Alcohol consumption among adolescents is an important public health concern due to its adverse physical, psychological, and social consequences. The Health Belief Model (HBM) provides a theoretical framework for understanding health-related behaviors based on individual perceptions and beliefs. This study aimed to analyze the relationships among HBM constructs and non-alcohol consumption behavior among adolescents. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, Indone­sia, from May to June 2025. A total of 200 adolescents aged 15–19 years were recruited, consisting of 100 adolescents who had consumed alcohol and 100 who had never consumed alcohol. Parti­cipants were selected using fixed disease sampling. Data were collected using a structured question­naire measuring perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy, and alcohol consumption behavior. Data were analyzed using path analysis. Results: Non-alcohol drinker behavior was negatively associated with high perceived suscepti­bility (β= −0.02; 95% CI= −0.05 to −0.01; p= 0.044). It was positively associated with strong self-efficacy (β= 0.98; 95% CI= 0.94 to 1.02; p<0.001). Non-alcohol drinker behavior was positively associated with strong cues to action, but it was statistically non-significant (β= 0.03; 95% CI= −0.01 to 0.07; p= 0.190). Self-efficacy decreased with high perceived severity (β= −0.08; 95% CI= −0.13 to −0.03; p= 0.002) but increased with high perceived barrier (β= 0.5; 95% CI= 0.93 to 0.96; p<0.001). Non-alcohol drinker behavior was indirectly associated with self-efficacy through cues to action (β= 0.98; 95% CI= 0.83 to 1.13; p<0.001). Conclusion: Strong self-efficacy was an important factor associated with non-alcohol drinker behavior among adolescents. Strengthening adolescents’ confidence to refuse alcohol and increasing awareness of alcohol-related risks may support alcohol prevention efforts.
Co-Authors Argyo Demartoto Dono Indarto Ika Sumiyarsih Sukamto Muhammad Azim Zaqfaryawan Sudaryanto Sudaryanto Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi