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All Journal Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Aulia Putri Nugraheni
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Assessing the Effect of Social Capital on Depression in Adults Aulia Putri Nugraheni; Bhisma Murti; Argyo Demartoto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.04

Abstract

Background: Depression is a mental health problem that affects an individual's quality of life. Previous studies have shown that individuals with high social capital are less likely to experience depression. Understanding the dynamics of social capital and its impact on depression is essential for developing interventions and policies that can improve mental well-being at both the individual and community levels. This study aims to analyze the influence of structural, cognitive, and relational social capital on depression in adults.Subjects and Method: This study is a cross-sectional study carried out in Klaten, Central Java in September-October 2024. Population of 726,839 adults and a sample of 200 adults aged 19-59 years were selected using multistage random sampling. The dependent variable was depression. The independent variables were structural social capital, cognitive social capital, and relational social capital. Depression data was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and other data using questionnaires. Data was analyzed using the Structural Equation Model run on STATA 13.Results: Strong social capital lowered adults' risk of depression (b= -0.39; CI 95%= -0.56 to -0.23; p= 0.001). The older you get, the lower the depression score (b= -0.17; CI 95%= -0.31 to -0.03; p= 0.018). The social capital construct in this study is positively and statistically significant by the structural social capital component (b= 0.75; CI 95%= 0.58 to 0.92; p= 0.001), cognitive social capital component (b= 0.56; CI 95%= 0.39 to 0.73; p= 0.001), and the relational social capital component (b= 0.62; CI 95%= 0.48 to 0.76; p= 0.001). The SEM model showed a good fit (Chi-square p= 0.113; RMSEA= 0.070; CFI= 0.98; TLI= 0.93; SRMR= 0.03).Conclusion: Strong social capital and increasing age lower the risk of depression in adults. The social capital construct is positively and statistically significant by the components of structural social capital, cognitive social capital, and relational social capital. This SEM model shows a good fit.
Social Support, Depression, and Anxiety as Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Meta-Analysis Aulia Putri Nugraheni; Maoli Zartika; Anis Lupita Ningrum; Bhisma Murti; Ika Yuli Ayuningrum
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.04.04

Abstract

Background: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are 7 to 36 times more likely to experience suicidal ideation compared to the general population. Suicidal ideation among PLWHA is closely correlated with depression and anxiety. Social support plays a crucial role in helping individuals cope with HIV, serving as a direct protective factor for psychosocial health. This meta-analysis aims to examine the relationship between social support, depression, and anxiety with suicidal ideation among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) Subjects and Method: The meta-analysis was conducted using the PICO framework. Population: people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Intervention: high social support, presence of depression, and anxiety. Comparison: low social support, absence of depression, and absence of anxiety. Outcome: suicidal ideation. Research data were obtained from the Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The keywords used were “social support” OR “depression” OR “anxiety” AND “suicidal ideation” AND “HIV/AIDS” OR “PLWHA.” The inclusion criteria included cross-sectional studies published between 2014 and 2024. Data analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.4. Results: The meta-analysis included 19 primary studies conducted in Indonesia, South Korea, China, Ethiopia, Uganda, Nigeria, South Africa, and the United States, with a total sample size of 11,166 participants. PLWHA residing in communities with high social support had 0.65 times lower odds of suicidal ideation compared to those with low social support (aOR= 0.65; 95% CI= 0.57 to 0.74; p<0.001). PLWHA experiencing depression had a 3.21 times higher risk of suicidal ideation compared to those without depression (aOR= 3.21; 95% CI= 2.07 to 4.99; p <0.001). PLWHA with anxiety were 1.67 times more likely to experience suicidal ideation than those without anxiety (aOR= 1.67; 95% CI= 1.29 to 2.18; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Depression and anxiety increase the risk of suicidal ideation, whereas high social support reduces the risk of suicidal ideation among people living with HIV/AIDS.  
Co-Authors Anis Lupita Ningrum Argyo Demartoto Bhisma Murti Ika Yuli Ayuningrum Maoli Zartika