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All Journal Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Master’s Program in Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Adults in Urban and Rural Areas of Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia Novia Erliana Wandansari; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Erindra Budi Cahyanto; Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2026.11.02.07

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence in both urban and rural areas. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors between urban and rural populations are suspected to influence the clinical profile and demographic characteristics of T2DM patients. This study aims to analyze differences in T2DM patient characteristics in adults in urban and rural areas of Sragen Regency, Indonesia, and identify the most dominant factors differentiating these two groups. Subjects and Method: This was a comparative observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted in six health centers in Sragen Regency representing urban and rural areas. Research subjects were adult patients with T2DM who met inclusion criteria. Variables examined included age, sex, educational level, income, occupation, and physical activity. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, while multivariate analysis used binary logistic regression. Results: Significant differences were found between T2DM patients in urban and rural areas based on age (p=0.035), educational level (p=0.007), income (p=0.011), occupation (p=0.016), and physical activity (p=0.005). No significant difference was found in sex distribution between the two areas (p=0.078). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that physical activity was the most dominant factor differentiating T2DM patient characteristics in urban and rural areas (OR=2.326; p=0.007). Patients with low physical activity had 2.326 times higher odds of residing in urban areas compared to those with moderate or high physical activity. Conclusion: Physical activity is the most dominant factor differentiating T2DM patient characteristics between urban and rural areas. Area-specific T2DM prevention and control stra­tegies should prioritize physical activity improvement with approaches tailored to local community characteristics.
Theory of Planned Behavior Constructs in Predicting Iron Supplement Consumption Adherence among Female Adolescents in Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia Pelangi Pagi Kalimasadha; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto; Okid Parama Astiri; Arsita Eka Prasetyawati
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.02.07

Abstract

Background: Anemia among female adolescents remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia. One of the main strategies to prevent anemia is the routine provision of iron supple­mentation tablets (TTD) for female adolescents. However, compliance to iron tablet consumption remains suboptimal. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior, on adherence to iron tablet consumption among female adolescents. Subjects and Method: This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted among 275 female adolescents attending senior high schools at Ngembal Kulon and Jekulo sub districts, Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia. Participants were selected using proportional sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression to determine the influence of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention on adherence to iron tablet consumption. Results: The results showed that attitude (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.45–1.37; p=0.397) and intention (OR=0.82; 95% CI=0.44–1.51; p=0.520) was not significantly associated with compliance to iron tablet consumption. In contrast, subjective norms (OR=1.80; 95% CI=1.03–3.15; p=0.040) and perceived behavioral control (OR=4.67; 95% CI=2.40–9.10; p<0.001) were significantly associated with adherence to iron tablet consumption. Among these variables, perceived behavioral control was identified as the strongest determinant.in non-smoking behavior than male respondents (AOR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.22 to 5.21; p = 0.012).  Conclusion: Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control significantly influence adherence to iron tablet consumption among female adolescents.
Effectiveness of Health Promotion Model-Based Educational Video on Adolescent Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Stunting Prevention: A Case Study in Ponorogo, Indonesia Denis Khorudin; Sajidan; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Hari Wahyu Nugroho
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Indonesia’s stunting prevalence stands at 19.8%, far above the national target of 14%. Adolescents, as future mothers, represent a critical yet underutilized upstream prevention target. No study has previously integrated all constructs of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) into an educational video for adolescent stunting prevention. This study aimed to develop a valid HPM-based reproductive health education video and evaluate its effectiveness on adolescent knowledge and attitudes. Subjects and Method: A sequential exploratory mixed-method study applied the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation in Research and Development (ADDIE R&D) framework combined with a quasi-experimental with control group design, was conducted at two High Schools in Ponorogo, Indonesia. The intervention group consisted of 55 senior high school students, while the control group consisted of 55 vocational high school students. Study was carried out from September 2025 to March 2026. Content validity was assessed by two experts: a health promotion specialist and a visual media specialist. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) and Mann-Whitney test (between-group). Results: Expert validation demonstrated excellent content validity, with a perfect Scale-Level Content Validity Index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave = 1.00), and no revisions were required. Knowledge scores increased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Attitude scores also improved significantly in the control group (p<0.001). However, the post-test comparison between the intervention and control groups showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.001), with the intervention group achieving superior outcomes. Conclusion: The Health Promotion Model (HPM)-based reproductive health educational video demonstrated excellent content validity and significantly improved adolescents' reproductive health outcomes. Therefore, its integration into school-based health promotion programs is recommended to enhance reproductive health education among adolescents.
Co-Authors Arsita Eka Prasetyawati Denis Khorudin Erindra Budi Cahyanto Hari Wahyu Nugroho Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto Novia Erliana Wandansari Okid Parama Astiri Pelangi Pagi Kalimasadha Ratih Puspita Febrinasari Sajidan Setyo Sri Rahardjo