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Wartono Wartono
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Health Professions Public Health Social Sciences

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Konstruksi Kausatif Analitik Bahasa Nias dengan Pendekatan Teori X-Bar Wartono Wartono; Mulyadi Mulyadi
Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), Februari
Publisher : Mahesa Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34007/jehss.v8i3.2954

Abstract

This article analyzes the analytic causative construction in the Nias language using the X-Bar Theory and vP-Shell framework of generative syntax. The study aims to describe its internal structural pattern and determine its clausal status. Data were collected through interviews with native speakers of the Gunungsitoli dialect and analyzed qualitatively using a series of syntactic tests. The results reveal three main findings. First, the analytic causative construction in Nias follows a consistent basic pattern: V.CAUS + Causee + V + Causer, realized by the lexical causative verbs mube’e, böröta, and fatenge. Second, hierarchical analysis reveals a double-layered structure where the causative verb functions as the head taking the resultant event clause as its complement. Third, through passivization and binding tests, the construction is proven to realize two clausal statuses: integrated monoclausal and biclausal with clear clausal boundaries. This variation reflects the grammatical flexibility of Nias and provides empirical evidence for the clause integration continuum theory. This study contributes to the linguistic documentation of Nias and enriches typological discussions on causative realization in non-SVO Austronesian languages.
Interjeksi Aduh Dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Nias Wartono Wartono; Mulyadi Mulyadi
Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) Vol 9, No 1 (2026): Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), August
Publisher : Mahesa Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34007/jehss.v9i1.3119

Abstract

This article delineates the semantic typology and interpretative nuances of the Indonesian interjection aduh alongside its functional equivalents in Nias. The inquiry addresses two gaps: the paucity of systematic investigations into aduh using Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) and the absence of a comprehensive account of its Nias counterparts (aökö, e bale, edah). Data were elicited through participatory observation and semantic-ethnographic interviews with L1 speakers of Indonesian in Medan and native speakers of the Gunungsitoli Nias dialect. Qualitative analysis employed semantic explication. Findings reveal that Indonesian aduh exhibits a polysemous structure encompassing emotive, volitive, and cognitive types. In contrast, Nias has no single equivalent: aökö functions as emotive (sudden physical pain) and volitive (request/reprimand); e bale functions as emotive (empathy with explicit hope); while edah functions across types as emotive (annoyance), volitive (reprimand with explicit consequences), and cognitive (evaluation of new information). The semantic differentiation of interjections serves as a linguistic reflex of divergent cultural scenarios.
Co-Authors Mulyadi Mulyadi