Shelty D.M. Sumual
Doctoral Program in Educational Management, Graduate School, Universitas Negeri Manado, Indonesia

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Performance Determinants of Public-Sector Employees: The Effects of Education Level, Training, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at the Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) Department of North Sulawesi Province Deicy Paath; Joulanda A M Rawis; Shelty D.M. Sumual; Jenny Nancy Kaligis; Ruth Umbase
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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Employee performance is a strategic issue in public organizations because it directly affects the quality, timeliness, and accountability of public services. In regional government institutions, performance improvement is frequently linked to human resource development efforts especially improving educational qualifications, implementing relevant training, and maintaining job satisfaction. This study investigates the influence of education level, training, and job satisfaction on employee performance at the Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPRD) Department of North Sulawesi Province. This research employed a quantitative correlational design. The population consisted of 145 employees, while the sample comprised 94 respondents selected through purposive sampling with a minimum tenure criterion of three years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption testing, and regression analysis with IBM SPSS. The results indicate that education level, training, and job satisfaction significantly affect employee performance both partially and simultaneously. The multiple regression model obtained was Y = 11.086 + 0.135X₁ + 0.137X₂ + 0.018X₃, where Y is employee performance, X₁ is education level, X₂ is training, and X₃ is job satisfaction. Partial tests showed significant effects for education level (t = 47.089, sig = 0.002), training (t = 50.328, sig = 0.000), and job satisfaction (t = 34.241, sig = 0.003). Simultaneously, the three predictors significantly influenced performance (F = 69.534; sig = 0.001), with Adjusted R² = 0.812, meaning 81.2% of the variance in employee performance was explained by the three variables. The findings suggest that public agencies seeking to strengthen performance should prioritize (1) structured educational development aligned with job demands, (2) equitable access to relevant training programs supported by evaluation, and (3) organizational policies that enhance job satisfaction through work environment improvements, fair compensation perceptions, supervisory support, and clear career pathways.
Specialist Medical Education Program (PPDS): A Phenomenological Study at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University Iddo Posangi; Joulanda A M Rawis; Henny Nikolin Tambingon; Shelty D.M. Sumual
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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Bullying in clinical medical education has increasingly been recognized as a systemic problem that undermines learning quality, resident well-being, and ultimately patient safety. This study examines the dynamics of bullying within the Specialist Medical Education Program (PPDS), particularly Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University (FK Unsrat), and formulates a comprehensive management model for bullying prevention aimed at reducing residents’ risk of depression. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants, including junior residents, senior residents, and consultants. Findings indicate that bullying is often “mild” in appearance yet persistent, manifesting verbally (humiliating remarks, destructive criticism), socially (information exclusion), symbolically (non-academic errands justified as “tradition”), and administratively (unrealistic deadlines and punitive task allocations). These behaviors are normalized by a seniority culture, rigid academic traditions, and hierarchical structures, which create power imbalances and discourage reporting due to fear of retaliation and negative academic consequences. The study also reveals that existing prevention efforts remain largely normative: formal rules are not explicit about bullying, standard operating procedures (SOPs) are absent, and reporting mechanisms are unclear or distrusted. In response, this study proposes an integrated bullying prevention management model consisting of a dedicated SOP, an independent reporting and protection system, strengthened empathetic communication training, consultant mentoring development, organizational culture reorientation, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The model positions prevention as an institutional quality assurance agenda in clinical education, linking humane supervision, ethical professionalism, and mental health safeguarding to improved learning outcomes and safer care.