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Analysis of the Mapalus-Based Educational Management Model in Package C Equivalency Education in Minahasa Regency Riviva W Maringka; Joulanda A M Rawis; Ruth Umbase; Deitje A. Katuuk
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 5 No. 2S (2026): Special Issue, April 2026
Publisher : JR Education

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Package C equivalency education represents a strategic non-formal education pathway aimed at expanding access to secondary education for individuals who are unable to participate in formal schooling. However, its implementation in Minahasa Regency faces several challenges, including low participation rates, inadequate facilities, limited tutor competence, and suboptimal program management. This study aims to analyze the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of Package C education, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and develop a contextual management model based on local cultural values, namely the Mapalus Model. This research employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving stakeholders such as education officials, PKBM/SKB managers, tutors, learners, and community leaders. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the management of Package C education has not been systematically implemented across all stages. Planning is not fully needs-based, implementation remains conventional, and evaluation is not optimally utilized. Supporting factors include stakeholder involvement and government support, while inhibiting factors include limited infrastructure, low community awareness, and a lack of tutor training. The study proposes a Mapalus-based management model emphasizing collaboration, participation, and collective responsibility. This model integrates participatory planning, collaborative organization, andragogical learning, continuous evaluation, and stakeholder synergy. The model is expected to improve the quality, relevance, and sustainability of equivalency education.

Analysis of Strategic Planning for Enhancing the Capacity of Health Human Resources at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in Minahasa Regency Olviane I. Rattu; Jeffry Sony Junus Lengkong; Joulanda A M Rawis; Harol R. Lumapow; Ruth Umbase
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 5 No. 2S (2026): Special Issue, April 2026
Publisher : JR Education

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The development of health human resources (HHR) is a critical determinant in improving the quality and effectiveness of primary healthcare services, particularly in community health centers (Puskesmas). In the context of decentralization and regional autonomy, local governments are required to manage health workforce planning strategically to ensure adequate availability, equitable distribution, and appropriate competencies of healthcare personnel. However, many regions in Indonesia continue to face persistent challenges, including workforce shortages, uneven distribution across geographical areas, and limited capacity development programs. This study aims to analyze the strategic planning process for enhancing the capacity of health human resources at community health centers in Minahasa Regency. Specifically, the study examines four key stages of planning: preparation, situational analysis, problem formulation, and the development of activity plans (Rencana Usulan Kegiatan/RUK). A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed to explore the complexity of planning processes within real organizational settings. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving key stakeholders, including health office officials, Puskesmas managers, healthcare workers, and planning personnel. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that although strategic planning processes have been formally implemented in accordance with national guidelines, their execution remains suboptimal. Key issues identified include insufficient availability of health personnel, lack of accurate and updated workforce data, weak integration between planning and budgeting, limited capacity of planning staff, and inconsistencies between Puskesmas-level planning and district-level policies. Furthermore, the study highlights that educational management plays a crucial role in strengthening health workforce planning through continuous professional development, competency-based training, and systematic evaluation. The integration of management functions, planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling (POAC), is essential to ensure sustainable human resource development in primary healthcare settings. This study concludes that strengthening strategic planning for health human resources requires a comprehensive approach that integrates workload-based planning methods, capacity building for planners, improved data systems, and stronger policy support. It recommends the adoption of competency-based planning frameworks, enhanced intersectoral collaboration, and the institutionalization of continuous education programs to improve the quality of health services at Puskesmas.

Adaptive Time Management Strategies in Surgical Residency Education: A Qualitative Study in a Teaching Hospital in Manado Andriessanto C. Lengkong; Harol R. Lumapow; Joulanda A M Rawis; Jeffry Sony Junus Lengkong
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : JR Education

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Surgical residency education places learners in an unusually demanding learning environment in which clinical care, academic responsibility, operative exposure, research tasks, documentation, and personal recovery compete for limited time. This article analyzes adaptive time management strategies used by surgical residents in a teaching hospital in Manado and formulates a contextual model for supporting professional learning and resident well-being. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving surgical residents, clinical supervisors, and a residency education coordinator. Thematic analysis identified three interrelated dimensions of time management: planning, implementation, and evaluation. Planning was characterized by adaptive daily prioritization, clinical urgency mapping, and individualized self-management tools. Implementation was characterized by flexibility in response to emergency cases, teamwork, micro-learning during clinical gaps, and adjustment to unpredictable clinical rhythms. Evaluation was carried out through personal reflection, peer feedback, and supervisor input, although institutional monitoring remained limited. The findings show that time management is not merely a technical scheduling activity but a professional self-regulation competence shaped by workload, clinical pressure, team culture, institutional support, and adult learning experience. The article proposes an adaptive-reflective time management model that integrates strategic clinical prioritization, flexible time blocking, integrated clinical learning, reflective practice, supervisor coaching, and system-level policy feedback. The model contributes to clinical education management by positioning time management as a humanistic and sustainable strategy for improving learning effectiveness, professional identity formation, and resident well-being.

Development of a Holistic Teacher Performance Evaluation Model at Catholic High Schools in Manado Antonius Heatubun; Joulanda A M Rawis; Tinneke E. M. Sumual; Theodorus Pangalila
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : JR Education

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This study aims to develop a holistic and contextual teacher performance evaluation model for Catholic senior high schools in Manado. The study is motivated by the limitations of existing evaluation systems, which tend to focus primarily on pedagogical and professional aspects and have not fully integrated personality, social, and spiritual dimensions. The research approach combines theoretical analysis with empirical findings obtained through needs assessment and field study, resulting in a model construction that is relevant to the context of Catholic education. The findings indicate that the current evaluation system remains administrative and partial in nature and is not yet supported by comprehensive evaluation instruments. Therefore, a holistic teacher performance evaluation model was developed, encompassing five main dimensions: pedagogical, professional, personality, social, and spiritual. This model is designed as an integrated evaluation system oriented toward the comprehensive development of teachers and aligned with the values of Catholic education. The implications of this study highlight the importance of transforming evaluation systems toward a more comprehensive approach, utilizing multidimensional instruments, and strengthening both teacher professionalism and spirituality. The developed model has the potential to be utilized as a conceptual framework for schools, teachers, educational foundations, and policymakers in improving educational quality. However, this model remains conceptual and requires further empirical validation through subsequent studies to examine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in broader implementation.

Performance Determinants of Public-Sector Employees: The Effects of Education Level, Training, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at the Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) Department of North Sulawesi Province Deicy Paath; Joulanda A M Rawis; Shelty D.M. Sumual; Jenny Nancy Kaligis; Ruth Umbase
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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Employee performance is a strategic issue in public organizations because it directly affects the quality, timeliness, and accountability of public services. In regional government institutions, performance improvement is frequently linked to human resource development efforts especially improving educational qualifications, implementing relevant training, and maintaining job satisfaction. This study investigates the influence of education level, training, and job satisfaction on employee performance at the Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPRD) Department of North Sulawesi Province. This research employed a quantitative correlational design. The population consisted of 145 employees, while the sample comprised 94 respondents selected through purposive sampling with a minimum tenure criterion of three years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption testing, and regression analysis with IBM SPSS. The results indicate that education level, training, and job satisfaction significantly affect employee performance both partially and simultaneously. The multiple regression model obtained was Y = 11.086 + 0.135X₁ + 0.137X₂ + 0.018X₃, where Y is employee performance, X₁ is education level, X₂ is training, and X₃ is job satisfaction. Partial tests showed significant effects for education level (t = 47.089, sig = 0.002), training (t = 50.328, sig = 0.000), and job satisfaction (t = 34.241, sig = 0.003). Simultaneously, the three predictors significantly influenced performance (F = 69.534; sig = 0.001), with Adjusted R² = 0.812, meaning 81.2% of the variance in employee performance was explained by the three variables. The findings suggest that public agencies seeking to strengthen performance should prioritize (1) structured educational development aligned with job demands, (2) equitable access to relevant training programs supported by evaluation, and (3) organizational policies that enhance job satisfaction through work environment improvements, fair compensation perceptions, supervisory support, and clear career pathways.

Management Strategies for Enhancing Healthcare Workers’ Competence in Erectile Dysfunction Education at a Primary Healthcare Center in Manado City, Indonesia Grace L.A. Turalaki; Jeffry Sony Junus Lengkong; Joulanda A M Rawis; Rolles N. Palilingan; Ruth Umbase
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent and treatable condition with substantial impacts on men’s quality of life, mental health, and intimate relationships. Despite its clinical importance, ED education at the primary healthcare level remains limited, particularly in sociocultural contexts where sexual health is considered taboo. This study explores healthcare workers’ competence in delivering ED education, identifies supporting and inhibiting factors, and formulates educational management strategies to strengthen ED education at a single primary healthcare center in Manado City, Indonesia. A qualitative case study design was employed. Data were collected from 46 healthcare workers through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations of service delivery, and review of relevant internal documents. Data were analyzed using an interactive approach comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing (Miles et al., 2014). The findings reveal that healthcare workers’ competence ranges from low to moderate. While biomedical knowledge of ED is generally present, gaps persist in communication skills, empathy, counseling techniques, and culturally sensitive engagement. ED education is often brief, opportunistic, and non-standardized, limiting patient understanding and behavior change. Supporting factors include availability of private counseling space, leadership support, interprofessional collaboration, culturally appropriate educational media, and partner involvement. Inhibiting factors include time constraints, psychological discomfort among healthcare workers, social stigma, limited structured training, and the absence of standardized operating procedures (SOPs) for ED education. The study proposes a competency-based, continuous educational management strategy integrating planning, implementation, and evaluation (POAC), supported by coaching, supervision, and culturally responsive patient education practices. These findings contribute to educational management in healthcare by demonstrating how organizational systems and competence development can strengthen sensitive health education at the primary care level.

Specialist Medical Education Program (PPDS): A Phenomenological Study at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University Iddo Posangi; Joulanda A M Rawis; Henny Nikolin Tambingon; Shelty D.M. Sumual
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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Bullying in clinical medical education has increasingly been recognized as a systemic problem that undermines learning quality, resident well-being, and ultimately patient safety. This study examines the dynamics of bullying within the Specialist Medical Education Program (PPDS), particularly Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University (FK Unsrat), and formulates a comprehensive management model for bullying prevention aimed at reducing residents’ risk of depression. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants, including junior residents, senior residents, and consultants. Findings indicate that bullying is often “mild” in appearance yet persistent, manifesting verbally (humiliating remarks, destructive criticism), socially (information exclusion), symbolically (non-academic errands justified as “tradition”), and administratively (unrealistic deadlines and punitive task allocations). These behaviors are normalized by a seniority culture, rigid academic traditions, and hierarchical structures, which create power imbalances and discourage reporting due to fear of retaliation and negative academic consequences. The study also reveals that existing prevention efforts remain largely normative: formal rules are not explicit about bullying, standard operating procedures (SOPs) are absent, and reporting mechanisms are unclear or distrusted. In response, this study proposes an integrated bullying prevention management model consisting of a dedicated SOP, an independent reporting and protection system, strengthened empathetic communication training, consultant mentoring development, organizational culture reorientation, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The model positions prevention as an institutional quality assurance agenda in clinical education, linking humane supervision, ethical professionalism, and mental health safeguarding to improved learning outcomes and safer care.

The Roadmap Policy of Junior High School Education in Maybrat Regency: A Qualitative Multi-Case Study on Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation in a 3T Context Kornelius Kambu; Jeffry Sony Junus Lengkong; Joulanda A M Rawis; Rolles N. Palilingan
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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This study examines the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the Junior High School (SMP) Education Roadmap Policy in Maybrat Regency an Indonesian region categorized as 3T (frontier, outermost, underdeveloped). The study responds to persistent disparities in educational access and quality that are strongly shaped by geographic isolation, uneven teacher distribution, infrastructure gaps, and limited digital readiness. Using a qualitative multi-case design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with key actors (regional head, education office leadership, school principals, teachers, and community representatives), observations, and document analysis across SMP settings. Evidence indicates that the policy planning process has been initiated in a participatory manner and anchored in the region’s medium-term development direction; however, it remains insufficiently integrated with broader regional planning documents and is weakened by data validity constraints arising from uneven data synchronization practices. Implementation has shown tangible governmental commitment through infrastructure development, teacher contracting, local BOS strengthening, scholarships, and teacher training; nevertheless, implementation performance is constrained by structural and managerial challenges particularly shortages of subject teachers, transportation barriers, low parental participation, limited ICT facilities, and low digital literacy. Evaluation practices tend to emphasize administrative reporting rather than outcome-based learning improvements; although national instruments such as the Education Report Card (Rapor Pendidikan) have begun to be used, they are not yet fully integrated into iterative policy refinement. The findings suggest that strengthening evidence-based planning, ensuring consistent implementation mechanisms, improving inter-agency coordination, and adopting comprehensive outcome-oriented evaluation are critical for transforming the roadmap into an effective regional education governance instrument in 3T settings.

Training Management for Patient Education in Critical Care Areas at a Central General Hospital in Manado, Indonesia Mordekhai L Laihad; Joulanda A M Rawis; Rolles N. Palilingan; Joseph Philip Kambey
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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Patient and family education is a cornerstone of quality healthcare, particularly in critical care areas where clinical uncertainty, high-risk decisions, and emotional distress converge. Despite its recognized importance, patient education in intensive care settings often remains inconsistent due to time pressure, heavy workloads, communication barriers, and limited standardized tools. This qualitative case study analyzes how training management can improve patient education practices in a critical care environment at a central general hospital in Manado, Indonesia. The study examines (1) training planning and needs assessment, (2) training implementation strategies, (3) training evaluation, and (4) contextual factors influencing success. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, observation, and document review, and analyzed using an interactive approach supported by triangulation. Findings indicate that patient education quality was initially suboptimal, reflected in frequent refusal of medical procedures (approximately 50 cases per month), high family anxiety (around 80%), and inconsistent use of educational media. Key factors shaping patient education included nurses’ workload and time constraints, cultural and literacy barriers among families, variability in communication competence, and uneven availability and enforcement of SOPs and supporting media. A Training Needs Analysis (TNA) identified gaps across six key competency domains and informed the development of ten training modules. Training was delivered through simulation, role play, and bedside coaching, improving staff compliance with patient education SOPs from 38% to 70%. Evaluation using the Kirkpatrick and CIPP models suggested that training was relevant and impactful, although some outcome targets remained unmet. Recommendations include digitalizing education media, strengthening SOP implementation, embedding training into performance appraisal systems, and expanding training across units.

Model Development of Training Management for Maritime Transport Apparatus at Amurang Sea Port: A Qualitative Study on Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, and Career-Linked Improvement Moh. Qowi; Jeffry Sony Junus Lengkong; Joulanda A M Rawis; Henny Nikolin Tambingon; Ruth Umbase
International Journal of Information Technology and Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : JR Education

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This study develops and analyzes a Training Management Model for maritime transport apparatus serving at Amurang Sea Port, focusing on how training is planned, implemented, evaluated, and redesigned into a more contextual and career-linked system. The research problem emerges from the persistent gap between training programs administered through BP2TL (Balai Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Transportasi Laut) and the real operational needs of small ports, where limited infrastructure, constrained budgets, and bureaucratic routines often reduce training relevance and post-training application. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, using in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis to capture the practices and constraints across training management stages. Findings show that training planning has followed formal guidance and standards; however, it remains dominated by administrative routines and has not fully adopted a dynamic, field-driven training needs assessment. Key planning gaps include limited flexibility of training budgets, weak integration between training and career pathways, insufficient contextualization of training modules for small-port operations, and minimal utilization of evaluation outputs for subsequent planning cycles. Implementation is delivered through formal mechanisms but is not yet optimal: training methods are still heavily theoretical (lecture-based), simulation and case-based practice remain limited, and schedules often conflict with participants’ operational duties, restricting participation and learning transfer. Evaluation tends to emphasize administrative outputs (attendance and certification) rather than measuring competence, behavioral change, and work-unit performance impacts. Based on these findings, the study proposes a revised model that is contextual, decentralized, and unit-needs-based, integrating comprehensive evaluation frameworks (ADDIE, Kirkpatrick, and CIPP) to treat the port environment as a “real learning laboratory” and participants as change agents. The study concludes that shifting training management from annual compliance routines to an outcome-oriented human resource development strategy is essential for strengthening safety, service quality, and professionalism in maritime public services at small ports.

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