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Diversity of reef fish in Halang Melingkau Island, South Kalimantan, Indonesia Frans Tony; SOEMARNO SOEMARNO; DEWA GEDE RAKA WIADNYA; LUCHMAN HAKIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211046

Abstract. Tony F, Soemarno, Wiadnya DGR, Hakim L. 2020. Diversity of reef fish in Halang Melingkau Island, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4804-4812. Reef fish is one benchmark to determine a coral reef ecosystem's biodiversity. Reef fish communities are important in coral reef ecosystems because of their trophic relationships with other biotic components. The aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity of reef fish on Halang Melingkau Island, Kotabaru District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research was conducted in March-August 2019. Coral reef fish data were collected using an underwater visual census method. Transects were applied as close as possible to the substrate using a 50 m roll-up measuring tape. Three transects were applied at each station. A total of 98 reef fish species from 19 families were recorded in this study. The fish community in Halang Melingkau island belongs to the family of Pomacentridae, Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Scaridae, Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, Scolopsidae, Serranidae, Caesionidae, Holocentridae, Siganidae, Pomacanthidae, Apogonidae, Pempheridae, Scorpaenidae, Tetraodontidae, Blenniidae, Platacidae, and Zanclidae. The highest abundance of reef fish was 1.88 ind/m2, and the lowest was 0.14 ind/m2. The dominance index (C) ranged from 0.03 to 0.13, the homogeneity index (E') ranged from 0.72 and 0.94, and the diversity index (H') ranged from 2.17 to 3.53. Water quality data measurements of temperature, brightness, current speed, pH, and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) were within the tolerance limits of water quality standards based on the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004, Republic of Indonesia.

Acclimation study of Smilax nageliana A.DC., a climber species endemic to East Java, Indonesia SITI SOFIAH; LUCHMAN HAKIM; SERAFINAH INDRIYANI; IYAN ROBIANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230828

Abstract. Sofiah S, Hakim L, Indriyani S, Robiansyah I. 2022. Acclimation study of Smilax nageliana A.DC., a climber species endemic to East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4082-4089. Smilax L. species, popularly known in Indonesia as Canar, belong to the family Smilacaceae and have been used in folk medicine as a tonic against rheumatism and as anti-syphilitic. Smilax nageliana A.DC is an endemic plant to East Java, Indonesia which is only distributed in Ranu Darungan, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), and Mt. Kawi. In the effort for its conservation and sustainable management, information regarding the adaptation of S. nageliana to a new environment is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the acclimation of S. nageliana under three different treatments, namely (i) in hood application in a greenhouse; (ii) in its natural habitat under shade; (iii) in natural habitat in the open area. Each treatment had ten replications. Survival and growth performance were observed for six months in terms of survival rates, number of new shoots, shoot length, number of leaves and chlorophyll content. Environment factors were also measured including solar intensity, temperature, humidity and water content. Data were analyzed using a two-way Anova. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationships between environmental components and S. nageliana acclimation performance. The result showed that S. nageliana had a one hundred percent survival rate in the hood application and natural habitat with shade. The best growth performances (i.e., shoot length, the number of leaves, shoots per root and chlorophyll content) were achieved under the hood application. The average temperature was quite influential on the first component (PC1), followed by solar intensity while water affected the second component (PC2). The findings of this study suggest that where sunlight/solar intensity and humidity were controlled, it gave the most optimal results for acclimation of S. nageliana.

Characteristics of vegetation in the gumuk ecosystem in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia WIWIN MAISYAROH; LUCHMAN HAKIM; SUDARTO SUDARTO; JATI BATORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract. Maisyaroh W, Hakim L, Sudarto, Batoro J. 2023. Characteristics of vegetation in the gumuk ecosystem in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1264-1271. Gumuk is a unique Jember district landscape with high ecological value. Currently, gumuk mining is increasing. This study aims to look at the characteristics of the vegetation in the gumuk ecosystem based on a variety of landuses (mixed garden, sand mining, and stone mining). The field survey was carried out at Ledokombo Sub-district, Jember District, East Java, from January to March 2021. First, the distribution of gumuk was identified using GIS, referring to the Van Zuidam landform classification. Then, a vegetation survey was conducted to describe the vegetation structure of the gumuk ecosystem, found 136 gumuk. Gumuk can be classified as gumuk with mixed garden, gumuk for stone mining, and gumuk for sand mining. A total of 202 species (65 families) grow in the gumuk ecosystem. Seedlings had the highest number of species, dominated by Asteraceae and Poaceae, while Malvaceae dominated saplings, poles, and trees. The Gumuk with the highest number of species for all habitus was found at gumuk with mixed gardening category, followed by gumuk with stone mining activity and gumuk for sand mining. At gumuk, mixed garden (H' 4) and stone mining (H' 3.47) had a high diversity of vegetation for seedlings, with the species having the highest IVI being Digitaria sanguinalis. At gumuk sand mining, it also has a high diversity of vegetation (H' 3.06) for seedlings, with the species having the highest IVI being Commelina erecta.

Coffea liberica leaf and tree architecture model of confusing accession in Poncokusumo, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia ERONA WAFARETTA; YOGA DWI JATMIKO; WENNY BEKTI SUNARHARUM; LUCHMAN HAKIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240563

Abstract. Wafaretta E, Jatmiko YD, Sunarharum WB, Hakim L. 2023. Coffea liberica leaf and tree architecture model of confusing accession in Poncokusumo, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3073-3080. Some Coffea liberica W.Bull varieties appear in the same garden with the same planting pattern in the Poncokusumo. This could be due to differences in tree architecture from one accession to another. This research aims to identify the architectural and morphological characteristics of C. liberica stems and leaves and determine differences in coffee variety accession through morphological differences in C. liberica plants and leaf architecture. The research was conducted from July 2021 to August 2022 in the C. liberica plantation in Poncokusumo Sub-district, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. The research sample consisted of four C. liberica trees from each accession and was carried out in four stages: observation, data/image recording, measurement, and data analysis. This research found: each accession has a different plant architecture model and a different branching model; three accessions appear to have different leaf morphological characters, namely margin type, apex angle, and base angle; dendrogram and PCoA results show that each accession has significant differences. Further research at the genetic level and the effect of abiotic or biotic elements on the growth and development of this coffee tree is necessary to enlighten the C. liberica variety's high potential for the growth of this coffee production in the local community.

Ethnobotanical study of peraq api ritual in Sasak Tribe of Lombok Island, Indonesia and its potential for sustainable tourism SLAMET MARDIYANTO RAHAYU; JATI BATORO; KURNIASIH SUKENTI; LUCHMAN HAKIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241030

Abstract. Rahayu SM, Batoro J, Sukenti K, Hakim L. 2023. Ethnobotanical study of peraq api ritual in Sasak Tribe of Lombok Island, Indonesia and its potential for sustainable tourism. Biodiversitas 24: 5485-5494. Peraq api is a ritual for giving baby names by the Sasak Tribe in Lombok Island, Indonesia. This ritual uses various species of plants and processions to symbolize values and beliefs of the Sasak people. This unique cultural knowledge and practice might interest tourists to experience the ritual. This study aims to determine the diversity of plant species used in peraq api ritual and the ethnobotanical knowledge embedded on it, and to assess the potential of utilizing this ritual for sustainable tourism development. This research was conducted in villages around the Mandalika Area, including Sengkol, Kuta, Sukadana, and Mertak Villages, located in Pujut Sub-district, Central Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The research was carried out by combining the methods of direct observation, participatory observation and interviews. Information on the species and vernacular names, plant part used, mode of use, conservation status of the plant as well as its habitat were collected and analyzed using descriptive and qualitative approaches. Based on the research, it was found that 15 families, 21 genera and 22 plant species were used in peraq api ritual. Each plant symbolizes the indigenous value and beliefs of Sasak Tribe related to their connection with God, people and environment. The use of plants in peraq api ritual also shows the indigenous intelligence of the Sasak Tribe. Traditional knowledge about the uses of plants and landscape management plays an important role in plant conservation. Plants used in the peraq api ritual can be found in various habitats, including homegarden, garden, riverside and ricefield. These various habitats resemble the indigenous ecological and ethnobotanical knowledge of Sasak Tribe in landscape management which has a very positive role in conserving biodiversity, creating a sustainable environment and socio-cultural preservation. The peraq api ritual has the potential to be develope as a sustainable tourism. The development of peraq api rituals for tourism might be useful to preserve cultural values of Sasak Tribe ??as a national cultural asset, conserve plant diversity and environment and improve the welfare of local communities.

Plant diversity on coffee agroforestry land in the buffer zone of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in East Java, Indonesia HASAN ZAYADI; LUCHMAN HAKIM; SUDARTO SUDARTO; JATI BATORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250316

Abstract. Zayadi H, Hakim L, Sudarto, Batoro J. 2024. Plant diversity on coffee agroforestry land in the buffer zone of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1030-1036. Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) is facing threats to biodiversity due to land transfer functions and sand mining in rural areas. Land use conversion and sand mining in rural areas near BTSNP and Perhutani are threatening biodiversity through activities like land degradation, deforestation, forest depletion, and global climate change impacting local agriculture. Coffee farms in Poncokusumo and Wajak have been abandoned, leading to a decline in coffee farming and other agricultural commodities. Coffee-based agroforestry systems have been implemented to address this issue and improve soil fertility and vegetation diversity. This research aimed to identify and analyze plant diversity in coffee agroforestry land in BTNSP. The study was carried out in January-December 2022 in the village districts of Poncokusumo Sub-district (Sumberejo) and Wajak Sub-district of Malang District, which borders directly with BTSNP, collecting flora compositions and classifying them based on growth rate. The study identified 27 orders, 38 families, and 71 species of plants in the coffee fields. The presence of various plant species in the coffee fields contributes to the ecosystem's stability and the soil's quality. This research highlights the importance of the agroforestry system in promoting biodiversity conservation and sustainable coffee farming in the BTSNP area.

Vegetation diversity, structure and composition in nature-based recreation sites as a potential tourist attraction in Banyuwangi, Indonesia LAILA NUR HABIBAH; LUCHMAN HAKIM; EDRIANA PANGESTUTI; DIAN SISWANTO; BRIAN RAHARDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250950

Abstract. Habibah LN, Hakim L, Pangestuti E, Siswanto D, Rahardi B. 2024. Vegetation diversity, structure and composition in nature-based recreation sites as a potential tourist attraction in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3273-3285. The presence of vegetation in nature-based tourism sites plays an important role in adding natural scenic beauty and creating comfortable local climates. However, the potential of vegetation in the recreation landscape for conservation and educational aspects is less studied. This research aims to identify vegetation diversity, structure and composition of plant species in nature-based tourism recreation sites in Banyuwangi District, East Java. Vegetation survey was conducted at 16 recreation sites, ranging from coastal to lower mountain ecosystems with varying management types from national parks, state and privately owned enterprises and community-private ownerships. Research shows that recreation sites contain diverse plant species that can support nature-based tourism attractions. The recreation sites in the national parks harbor native vegetation in, which it is important for biodiversity education through nature-based tourism programs. Fewer exotic plant species are found in nature-based recreation sites, especially in conservation areas. Conversely, nature-based recreation sites managed by community and private are dominated by exotic plant species. The existence of exotic plant species in nature-based recreation sites can add economic value by providing agrotourism activities, yet it requires special attention to protect the native habitats in those sites.

Mountain tourism impact on bird diversity along hiking trails of Mount Prau, Central Java, Indonesia MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH; LUCHMAN HAKIM; DIAN SISWANTO; DEWI LIESNOOR SETYOWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251205

Abstract. Abdullah M, Hakim L, Siswanto D, Setyowati DL. 2024. Mountain tourism impact on bird diversity along hiking trails of Mount Prau, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4690-4698. Hiking represents a significant dimension of mountain tourism and has gained considerable popularity among travelers. Unfortunately, the perception of hiking activities as a form of mass tourism raises significant concerns regarding potential environmental degradation and the threats posed to biodiversity in mountainous regions. Birds are organisms that are sensitive to human activities. Therefore, a critical component for assessing the impact of mountain tourism on biodiversity is to analyze the diversity of bird species on several hiking trails. This study aims to examine the differences in bird species diversity on several hiking trails with different visitor frequencies on Mount Prau, Indonesia. Surveys for bird observations were conducted systematically using the Variable Circular Plot (VCP) method along the hiking trail. Bird species diversity data were analyzed to obtain Margalef's species richness index, Shannon diversity index, and Pielou's evenness index. In addition, correspondence analysis was also used to see the differences in the composition of bird community species on different hiking trails. Trails with high visitor preferences showed lower species richness, diversity, and evenness indices than rarely visited trails. Ordination analysis showed a clear grouping of bird communities based on species composition between highly visited and less visited routes. Less frequented Mount Prau trails host diverse endemics and high conservation status birds, while heavily frequented trails show reduced diversity. This finding confirms the negative impact of mountain tourism on bird biodiversity in the mountain area. This also signifies the need for a conservation strategy to balance mountain tourism with biodiversity conservation in Mount Prau. It should be able to limit the number of visitors, control access in sensitive areas, and involve methods of ecotourism that would favor wildlife.

Phytochemicals’ compound and antioxidant activities in the food of Pongo tapanuliensis from Batang Toru Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia HERNA FEBRIANTY SIANIPAR; WAHYU WIDORETNO; LUCHMAN HAKIM; REZI RAHMI AMOLIA; FATCHIYAH FATCHIYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251007

Abstract. Sianipar HF, Widoretno W, Hakim L, Amolia RR, Fatchiyah F. 2024. Phytochemicals’ compound and antioxidant activities in the food of Pongo tapanuliensis from Batang Toru Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3454-3463. Campnosperma auriculatum (Blume) Hook.fil. and Agathis borneensis Warb. are food for Pongo tapanuliensis Nurcahyo, Meijaard, Nowak, Fredriksson & Groves, 2017 found in the Batang Toru Forest, Indonesia. Studying the phytochemical properties of both plant species is important part of conservation framework for Tapanuli orangutans because information regarding their nutrient contents and benefits still needs to be investigated. This research examined the closest components, amino acids, and phytochemicals compounds that have antioxidant activity. The C. auriculatum and A. borneensis fruit were tested for proximate, amino acid, phytochemical, total flavonoid content, LC-MS/MS, and FRAP to determine antioxidant activity. The results of proximate and amino acid tests showed that C. auriculatum has higher contents of carbohydrates (74.49%), protein (7.54%), lipids (3.73%), energy from fat (33.57Kcal/100 g), total energy (361.71Kcal /100g), L-Histidine (1704.975ppm), L-Leucine (3759.28ppm), and L-Lysine (2099.038ppm) compared to A. borneensis. The phytochemical tests of both samples were positive for containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolics, and quinolines. The higher flavonoid content is found in C. auriculatum (94.44±2.77mg QE/g). LC-MS/MS results for both samples, C. auriculatum that is (3alpha,20R,24Z)-3-Hydroxy-21-oxoeupha-8,24-dien-26-oic acid, terpenoid group, and A. borneensis, that is Procyanidin B2, the flavonoid group. The higher antioxidant capacity was found in C. auriculatum (4.63±0.111µg/mL). The C. auriculatum has excellent potential as a natural source of nutrition and antioxidants for the Tapanuli orangutan; therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy by cultivating these two plants and using them in pharmacognosy for P. tapanuliensis.

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