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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Entang Iskandar
Primate Research Center, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Lodaya II No. 5, Bogor 16151, West Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Habitat suitability of Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Berau Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Tri Atmoko; Ani Mardiastuti; Muhammad Bismark; Lilik Budi Prasetyo; Entang Iskandar
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211121

Abstract

The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an endemic species to Borneos’ island and is largely confined to mangrove, riverine, and swamp forest. Most of their habitat is outside the conservation due to degraded and habitat converted. Habitat loss is a significant threat to a decreased in the monkey's population. Berau Delta is an unprotected habitat of proboscis monkey, lacking in attention and experiencing a lot of disturbances. This study was conducted on April – August 2019; with aims of the study is to determine Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) for identifying proboscis monkey habitat suitability in Delta Berau, East Kalimantan. The MaxEnt algorithm was used to produce a habitat suitability map based on this species’ occurrence records and environmental predictors. We built the models using 208 points of proboscis monkey presence and 12 environment variables within the study area. Model performance was assessed by examining the area under the curve. The variables most influencing the habitat suitability model were the riverine habitat (60.9%), distance from the pond (16.0%), and distance from the coastline (5.2%). The proboscis monkey suitable habitat is only 9.32% (8,726.58 ha) from 93,631.41 ha total area. The appropriate habitat areas are Sapinang Island, Bungkung Island, Sambuayan Island, Saodang Kecil Island, Besing Island, Lati River, Bebanir Lama, Batu-Batu, and Semanting Bay. We provide some suggestions for the proboscis monkey conservation, which are local protection of uninhabited islands, participatory ecotourism management, and company involvement in protection and management efforts.
Group structure and arboreal activity of Javan surili in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia AGUS PAMBUDI DHARMA; ANI MARDIASTUTI; ENTANG ISKANDAR; PUJI RIANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270436

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Abstract. Dharma AP, Mardiastuti A, Iskandar E, Rianti P. 2026. Group structure and arboreal activity of Javan surili in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270436. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270436. The Javan surili is an endemic arboreal primate of Java whose population dynamics and behavioral ecology are strongly influenced by habitat quality and anthropogenic disturbance. This study aimed to analyze group structure, population density, and arboreal activity patterns of Javan surili in two contrasting sites, Tegallega and Sarongge Resorts, within Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia. Field data were collected over a 13-month period (March 2023-June 2024) using line transect surveys and scan sampling methods. A total of 10 groups comprising 40 individuals were recorded, with 25 individuals in Tegallega (6 groups) and 15 individuals in Sarongge (4 groups). Group structure showed a typical unimale polygynous system, with female-biased sex ratios of 1:1.25 in Tegallega and 1:1.13 in Sarongge, indicating stable reproductive potential. Population density was higher in Sarongge (5.99 ind/km², 2.14 groups/km², estimated 66 individuals) compared to Tegallega (3.03 ind/km², 1.33 groups/km², estimated 53 individuals), suggesting more concentrated space use and better habitat conditions. Behavioral observations revealed that feeding was the dominant activity (52.00% in Tegallega, 42.86% in Sarongge), followed by resting (21.33%, 27.14%), locomotion (14.67%, 15.71%), and social interactions (12.00%, 14.29%). All activities occurred exclusively in arboreal strata, with a strong preference for the mid-canopy layer (stratum C), which supported the highest number of plant species used for feeding and other activities. Key tree species such as Castanopsis argentea, Liquidambar excelsa, and Schima wallichii played essential roles in sustaining daily activities. These findings highlight the importance of habitat structure, particularly canopy connectivity and key food resources, in shaping Javan surili population and behavior. Differences between sites emphasize the influence of anthropogenic pressure and habitat heterogeneity, underscoring the need for targeted conservation strategies to maintain viable populations.
Co-Authors AGUS PAMBUDI DHARMA ANI MARDIASTUTI Ani Mardiastuti Lilik Budi Prasetyo Muhammad Bismark PUJI RIANTI Tri Atmoko