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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
ARI SUSILOWATI
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Diversity of root bacterial community associated with seven orchid species from Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia ARTINI PANGASTUTI; ARI PITOYO; ARI SUSILOWATI; RIZKA MEISARI; IRVY YULIANA; KHATSANATUL AULIA; LIANA PUTRI PUSPITASARI; RUSIANI RUSIANI; HENDRO PRASOJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241050

Abstract

Abstract. Pangastuti A, Pitoyo A, Susilowati A, Meisari R, Yuliana I, Aulia K, Puspitasari LP, Rusiani, Prasojo H. 2023. Diversity of root bacterial community associated with seven orchid species from Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5676-5684. Indonesia has a high diversity of wild orchids. One of the orchid habitats that has not been widely explored is Mount Merbabu National Park (TNGMb), Central Java, Indonesia. The dependence of orchids on specific microorganisms for survival and growth, especially during early development, has not been widely studied. Endophytes, such as bacteria, can help the host plant grow, tolerate stress, resist disease, acquire nutrients, or form symbiotic relationships. However, bacterial endophytes associated with orchids have not been extensively explored. This research examined the diversity of bacteria associated with orchid roots in Mount Merbabu National Park using a culture-independent method. Seven orchid species were sampled for root bacterial community analysis, that identified as Spathoglottis plicata, Dendrobium sagittatum, Malaxis kobi, Apendicula alba, Pholidota carnea, Dendrobium tenellum, and Bulbophyllum compressa. Bacterial diversity in all orchid roots was high, with several dominant bacterial species. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodota, and Actinobacteriota were the four most abundant phyla, with Proteobacteria having the highest abundance (37 to 90%) in all samples. The top ten bacteria genera were Pseudomonas, Serratia, Rhodanobacter, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Parabulkholderia, Faecalibacterium, and Muribaculaceae family that could not be identified at the genus level. Overall, 61, 42, 838, 98, 78, 973, and 1383 OTUs were unique to S. plicata, D. sagittatum, M. kobi, A. alba, P. carnea, D. tenellum, and B. compressa, respectively, whereas all seven species shared 335 OTUs. Our research suggested that environmental factors and the host plant's genetics affect the plant microbiome's composition and diversity. These elements might be essential for ecosystem function and conservation.
Primer design of the CO1 gene (Cytochrome Oxidase-1) for Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) for rapid detection using real-time PCR method MAQQITA TUNJUNG SARI; ARI SUSILOWATI; SETIA BETARIA ARITONANG; OKID PARAMA ASTIRIN; NITA ETIKAWATI; VIRA SAAMIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251044

Abstract

Abstract. Sari MT, Susilowati A, Aritonang SB, Astirin OP, Etikawati N, Saamia V. 2024. Primer design of the CO1 gene (Cytochrome Oxidase-1) for Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) for rapid detection using real-time PCR method. Biodiversitas 25: 3840-3849. The population of Sumatran elephants is classified as endangered according to the IUCN due to conflicts between humans and elephants, resulting in many elephants being killed by humans to obtain ivory to be sold. The traded ivory is often processed into other ornaments. A rapid forensic examination with real-time PCR using the molecular approach of the CO1 gene (Cytochrome Oxidase-1) is necessary to determine the original species of the processed elephant ivory. This research aims to design and optimize a primer for identifying Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus). The CO1 gene primer for Sumatran elephants was designed using the Primer3Plus and IDT websites. The primers were used to amplify and identify the species of Sumatran elephants from blood, feces, and urine samples. Blood and feces samples were collected from Sumatran elephants at Taru Jurug Zoo Surakarta, while feces and urine samples were taken from Sumatran elephants at Ragunan Zoo Jakarta. DNA from blood and urine samples was extracted using the TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit, and DNA from feces samples was extracted using the TIANamp Stool DNA Kit. The purity and concentration of the obtained DNA extracts were measured. The designed primers were synthesized by Macrogen (Korea), and primer optimization was performed with a PCR gradient. The identification process of Sumatran elephant DNA extract samples was conducted by amplification using real-time PCR quantification with the standard curve method. The results of this research include the COI-270 primer with the sequences 3'-TTAGGTCAACCAGGCTCTCTTC-5' and 5'-AGGATATACGGTCCAACCAGTG-3', capable of amplifying the target 270 bp and having a single peak at the melt curve temperature of 79°C. The identification protocol with specific COI-270 primer can be used in forensic examinations to identify samples originating from Sumatran elephants.
Dietary diversity of the vulnerable leaf-eating monkey Presbytis fredericae in the degraded forest of Mount Merbabu, Indonesia PUGUH KARYANTO; DHINDA TAZKIA; IKE NURJUITA NAYASILANA; ARI SUSILOWATI; SUNARTO SUNARTO; JAROT WAHYUDI; SRI SUTJI UTAMI ATMOKO; SHUKOR MD NOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260546

Abstract

Abstract. Karyanto P, Tazkia D, Nayasilana IN, Susilowati A, Sunarto, Wahyudi J, Atmoko SSU, Nor SM. 2025. Dietary diversity of the vulnerable leaf-eating monkey Presbytis fredericae in the degraded forest of Mount Merbabu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2508-2518. Extensive forest degradation and fragmentation on Java Island, Indonesia, have resulted in significant habitat loss and a sharp decline in tree diversity. The remnant forests, characterized by declining plant diversity and composition, could have a major impact on the diversity and food preferences of a vulnerable leaf-eating monkey (Presbytis fredericae). In response to changes in a new floristic structure, P. fredericae may develop new foraging adaptations, allowing them to diversify their diet by consuming a variety of plant species. However, such behavior may not be performed, as the monkey's food choices are evidence of an evolutionary strategy to maximize nutrient and energy intake for survival. Therefore, dietary diversity can serve as a good proxy to examine the extent to which folivore monkeys' foraging behavior adapts to food resource change. This study investigated the food diversity of plants selected by P. fredericae in a degraded montane forest on Mount Merbabu, Indonesia. We employed a molecular-based Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique to analyze 13 fecal samples. Our downstream analysis in RStudio identified 132 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). By organizing the OTUs by their abundance in Microsoft Excel and comparing our results to an existing floristic database from previous vegetation surveys, we identified eight orders, nine families, and nine species in the tree stratum, and 11 orders, 12 families, and 14 species in the forest floor community. These findings indicate that P. fredericae selectively consumed only 34% of the total tree species and 14% of the available forest floor plant species. This food selection suggests that P. fredericae exhibits selective feeding and optimal foraging behavior, primarily by consuming immature foliage from a wide range of plant taxa. This behavior helps them meet their nutritional needs while minimizing the risk of toxin accumulation.
Co-Authors ARI PITOYO ARTINI PANGASTUTI DHINDA TAZKIA HENDRO PRASOJO IKE NURJUITA NAYASILANA IRVY YULIANA JAROT WAHYUDI KHATSANATUL AULIA LIANA PUTRI PUSPITASARI MAQQITA TUNJUNG SARI NITA ETIKAWATI OKID PARAMA ASTIRIN PUGUH KARYANTO RIZKA MEISARI RUSIANI RUSIANI SETIA BETARIA ARITONANG SHUKOR MD NOR SRI SUTJI UTAMI ATMOKO SUNARTO SUNARTO VIRA SAAMIA