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SUWARSITO SUWARSITO
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Fisheries, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. Jl. KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Banyumas 53182, Central Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Molecular characterization of pathogenic Aeromonas jandaei bacteria isolated from cultured walking catfish (Clarias sp.) DINI SISWANI MULIA; NOERHALIZA RAHMAN DWI; SUWARSITO SUWARSITO; BOBY MUSLIMIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250334

Abstract

Abstract. Mulia DS, Dwi NR, Suwarsito, Muslimin B. 2024. Molecular characterization of pathogenic Aeromonas jandaei bacteria isolated from cultured walking catfish (Clarias sp.). Biodiversitas 25: 1185-1193. Aeromonas spp. is pathogenic bacteria capable of causing fish disease, including walking catfish (Clarias sp.). In bacteria, virulence genes play a significant role in determining pathogenicity, while resistance genes influence resistivity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine molecular characterization of pathogenic Aeromonas jandaei bacteria isolated from walking catfish. The purposive sampling method was used to obtain diseased walking catfish from aquaculture ponds in Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The identification of bacteria was molecularly carried out based on 16S rDNA, followed by the detection of virulence genes on aer/haem, alt, ast, flaA, lafA, and fstA, as well as resistance genes on tet-A, strA-strB, and qnrA. The results of molecular analysis showed that three isolates from Singasari, namely BmSL-02, BmSL-04, and BmSL-07, were closely related to A. jandaei strain CDC0787-80 with a similarity rate and query coverage of 99.86% and 99%, respectively. Meanwhile, isolates from Cikawung, including BmCL-02, BmCL-05, and BmCL-07 were closely related to A. jandaei strain ATCC 49568. A total of six A. jandaei isolates had aer/haem virulence genes while alt, ast, and fstA were not found. BmSL-04 and BmCL-07 isolates had flaA gene, while four isolates including BmSL-02, BmSL-04, BmSL-07, and BmCL-07 had lafA gene. Additionally, BmCL-05 had tetA resistance gene, while the strA-strB and qnrA genes were not detected in all isolates. A. jandaei isolates were resistant to bacitracin, tetracycline, and gentamycin, but BmSL-04, BmSL-07, BmCL-02, and BmCL-05 were sensitive to chloramphenicol. This study provided valuable information on molecular characteristics of A. jandaei, serving as guidance in effective control and monitoring of isolates from Indonesia, specifically Banyumas, Central Java.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii bv veronii causes disease in gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) DINI SISWANI MULIA; ZAHROTUN NISA; SUWARSITO SUWARSITO; CAHYONO PURBOMARTONO; ALIM ISNANSETYO; NUNAK NAFIQOH; INA SALWANY MD YASIN; MOHAMAD AZZAM-SAYUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251248

Abstract

Abstract. Mulia DS, Nisa Z, Suwarsito, Purbomartono C, Isnansetyo A, Nafiqoh N, Yasin ISM, Azzam-Sayuti M. 2024. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii bv veronii causes disease in gourami (Osphronemus gouramy). Biodiversitas 25: 5103-5111. Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) is a type of freshwater fish with excellent potential, but its cultivation is often disturbed by bacterial diseases caused by Aeromonas spp. The presence of virulent genes often influences the pathogenicity of Aeromonas spp. and treatment with antibiotics causes bacteria resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Aeromonas veronii bv veronii causing disease in gourami (O. gouramy). A purposive sampling method was used to obtain specific diseased gourami. Phenotypic characteristics were determined morphologically and biochemically, while genotypic characteristics were based on 16S rDNA and virulent genes. A total of 10 virulent genes were used, including the aerA/haem, alt, ast, act, flaA, lafA, fstA, ahp, ela, and lip genes. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out using 10 µg gentamycin disk, 10 µg bacitracin, 30 µg tetracycline, and 30 µg chloramphenicol. Data on phenotypic and genotypic identification, the detection of virulence genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that isolate BmSG-03 was closely related to A. veronii bv veronii strain ATCC 35624 with a similarity rate and query of 99.58% and 100%, respectively. The A. veronii bv veronii BmSG-03 isolate was detected to contain the aerA/haem, lafA, and ela genes, while the alt, ast, act, flaA, fstA, ahp, and lip genes were not detected. This isolate was resistant to bacitracin, tetracycline, and gentamycin but susceptible to chloramphenicol. Moreover, further investigations were recommended on genotypic characteristics of A. veronii bv veronii resistance gene and other antibiotic tests due to limited reports in Indonesia. For effective disease control, there should be a comprehensive database on the characteristics of the pathogen to obtain more effective and appropriate mitigation efforts.
Molecular and virulence profiling of Aeromonas veronii from diseased Nile tilapia in Central Java, Indonesia DINI SISWANI MULIA; ZAHROTUN NISA; SUWARSITO SUWARSITO; CAHYONO PURBOMARTONO; OLGA OLGA; BOBY MUSLIMIN; AGUS SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260750

Abstract

Abstract. Mulia DS, Nisa Z, Suwarsito, Purbomartono C, Olga, Muslimin B, Setyawan A. 2025. Molecular and virulence profiling of Aeromonas veronii from diseased Nile tilapia in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3647-3657. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) is a widely cultivated species with promising economic potential; however, bacterial infections pose a significant barrier to successful production. Molecular characterization is essential for accurately identifying pathogenic bacteria involved in disease outbreaks. This study aimed to determine the molecular and virulence of Aeromonas veronii isolated from diseased Nile tilapia in Central Java, Indonesia. Diseased fish were collected using a purposive sampling technique. Molecular identification was conducted using markers for 16S rRNA, gyrB, and ten virulence-associated genes, including aerA/haem, alt, ast, act, flaA, lafA, fstA, ahp, ela, and lip. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using eight antibiotics: bacitracin (10 µg), penicillin (10 µg), amoxicillin (25 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), vancomycin (30 µg), clindamycin (2 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), and chloramphenicol (30 µg). Results revealed that seven isolates were identified as A. veronii. All isolates (100%) harbored two significant virulence genes, aerA/haem and ela, while none of the isolates (0%) tested positive for the other eight virulence genes. The consistent presence of these two virulence factors suggests a high pathogenic potential of the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility assays indicated that all isolates (100%) were resistant to bacitracin, penicillin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, and clindamycin, but remained sensitive to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. In conclusion, the present findings support the implementation of targeted diagnostic approaches for A. veronii infections. Detecting key virulence factors and multidrug resistance in A. veronii highlights its potential as a significant threat to aquatic animal health. Consequently, there is an urgent need to strengthen biosecurity measures, including routine microbial monitoring, judicious and responsible use of antibiotics, and improved environmental management practices. Furthermore, developing alternative strategies, such as vaccination, represents a proactive and sustainable long-term solution to enhance the resilience of aquaculture systems.
COI-based diversity of mahseer (Tor spp.) reveals divergent lineages across four foothill rivers of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia SUWARSITO SUWARSITO; IKHSAN PRATAMA; HINDAYATI MUSTAFIDAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270505

Abstract

Abstract. Suwarsito, Pratama I, Mustafidah H. 2026. COI-based diversity of Mahseer (Tor spp.) reveals divergent lineages across four foothill rivers of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270505. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270505. DNA barcoding has become an essential tool for resolving taxonomic ambiguity in freshwater fishes, including the economically and ecologically important mahseer (Tor spp.). This study employed mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes (~700 bp) to identify species, assess genetic diversity, and infer phylogenetic relationships among 14 individuals collected from four upstream rivers at the foothills of Mount Slamet, Indonesia (Comal, Welo, Tutung Gunung, and Pelus rivers). Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) analyses assigned sequences to Tor tambroides (99.68% to 99.84% similarity) and Tor tambra (100% similarity). Analysis of Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) genetic distances by species revealed extremely low intraspecific divergence within T. tambroides (0.0000-0.0035) and generally low divergence within T. tambra (0.0000-0.0266). In contrast, interspecific divergence between T. tambroides and T. tambra ranged from 0.0285 to 0.0303, forming a clear barcode gap. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis placed all samples within the Southeast Asian Tor clade, with clustering concordant with species-level identification. However, given the limited sample size (n = 14) and reliance on a single mitochondrial marker, population-level interpretations remain preliminary. These findings demonstrate that COI barcoding is highly effective for discriminating closely related Tor species and provide important genetic baseline data for biodiversity assessment. The presence of a clear barcode gap reinforces the reliability of molecular identification, while the observed genetic patterns highlight the need for broader sampling and the application of multilocus or genomic approaches. This study contributes to conservation-oriented management by improving species resolution and supporting future efforts to delineate population structure in Indonesian freshwater ecosystems.
Co-Authors AGUS SETYAWAN ALIM ISNANSETYO BOBY MUSLIMIN BOBY MUSLIMIN CAHYONO PURBOMARTONO DINI SISWANI MULIA HINDAYATI MUSTAFIDAH IKHSAN PRATAMA INA SALWANY MD YASIN MOHAMAD AZZAM-SAYUTI NOERHALIZA RAHMAN DWI NUNAK NAFIQOH OLGA OLGA ZAHROTUN NISA ZAHROTUN NISA