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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
SURATMAN SURATMAN
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Assessment of biodiversity and conservation status of flora and fauna in Madiun City, East Java, Indonesia OKID PARAMA ASTIRIN; FETRIA WIDIYANTI; SURATMAN SURATMAN; NUGROHO ANDI PURNOMO; M. ARIF ROMADLON; HADI WIWIT HENDRO CAHYONO; DIAGAL WISNU PAMUNGKAS; WIDYA MEGA RAHMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260826

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Abstract. Astirin OP, Widiyanti F, Suratman, Purnomo NA, Romadlon MA, Cahyono HWH, Pamungkas DW, Rahmawati WM. 2025. Assessment of biodiversity and conservation status of flora and fauna in Madiun City, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3965-3972. Madiun City in East Java, Indonesia is a small municipality that has evolved into an urban center due to its strategic position as the hub of socio-economic activities, including trade, industry, and healthcare. Urbanization in the town poses a threat to biodiversity. This is due to changes in land use and cover, natural exploitation, introduction of exotic species, air and water pollution, and climate change. This study aims to explore biodiversity in Madiun City to inform the development of strategies and policies for natural resource management. The observations revealed that Madiun City is home to 122 tree species, 76 species of ornamental plants, and 143 species of animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects. Eight plant species and five animal species are listed in the IUCN Red List. Additionally, there are eight plants and five animals listed under CITES, as well as six animals listed as protected under the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forests' P106/2018. Leucopsar rothschildi, Padda oryzivora, and Pavo muticus are birds listed under all the three protection instruments, suggesting their conservation importance. Green open spaces with aviaries are crucial for conserving biodiversity, as they offer a range of ecological, aesthetic, social, and economic benefits. Community participation with the local government is vital to conservation programs in urban areas. Active community involvement in conservation programs and socialization can significantly support the success of biodiversity conservation.
Novel primers of Cyt b sequencing for a non-invasive genetic assessment of the Silvery Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) ADIFA RISA BAGASTA; SUNARTO SUNARTO; ARI SUSILOWATI; SURATMAN SURATMAN; DWI SENDI PRIYONO; MOHAMMAD SAIFUL MANSOR; PUGUH KARYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270101

Abstract

Abstract. Bagasta AR, Sunarto, Susilowati A, Suratman, Mansor MS, Priyono DS, Karyanto P. 2026. Novel primers of Cyt b sequencing for a non-invasive genetic assessment of the Silvery Gibbon (Hylobates moloch). Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270101. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270101. Reliable primers for genetic variation assessment of the silvery gibbon (Hylobates moloch) are still unavailable. This study aims to design novel primers for the silvery gibbon's complete Cytochrome b (Cyt b) to facilitate a non-invasive genetic variation assessment. Three primer pairs targeting different regions of Cyt b were designed using Primer3Plus and validated through in-silico validation by adjusting a melting temperature (Tm) between 57-63°C and a GC content of 45-65%, and in vivo validation using Sanger sequencing. The primers were optimized for annealing temperature. The optimum annealing temperatures used in this research were 55°C for T1 and T3, and 52°C for T2, and were tested against DNA from ten gibbons' feces collected from the northwestern part of the Dieng Plateau. The gel electrophoresis results showed the amplification success, indicated by the DNA band visualization above 900 bp. Our primers successfully amplified the target, producing 625-1068 bp. De novo assembly on the obtained sequences yielded a range of fragment lengths of 1857-1950 bp and successfully assembled the complete Cyt b gene of 1140 bp. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were readily detected at sites 67, 222, 234, 271, 286, 364, 372, 378, 501, 563, 918, and 991 (12 sites) along the Cyt b gene of the ten samples of silvery gibbons. We also successfully observed five haplotypes amongst the entire sample. This success indicates that our primers effectively sequence the Cyt b gene of the silvery. Our primers perform a highly resolution ability to assess variation amongst populations, making them a valuable tool for non-invasive population genetic assessment supporting the silvery gibbon's conservation program.
Dietary composition of the silvery gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in the Northwestern Dieng Mountains, Indonesia using fecal metabarcoding and field surveys TRI SETIA KURNIA NURI; SURATMAN SURATMAN; ARI SUSILOWATI; PUGUH KARYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270443

Abstract

Abstract. Nuri TSK, Suratman, Susilowati A, Karyanto P. 2026. Dietary composition of the silvery gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in the Northwestern Dieng Mountains, Indonesia using fecal metabarcoding and field surveys. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270443. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270443. Forest degradation has altered vegetation structure and composition, affecting the silvery gibbon's ability to adapt to fluctuating food availability. Understanding these adaptations provides essential baseline information for assessing population viability. We tested the hypothesis that Hylobates moloch exhibits dietary selectivity by comparing plant abundance in fecal metabarcoding data against vegetation metrics from field surveys, including species richness and the Importance Value Index (IVI). Additionally, we evaluated whether metabarcoding provides a broader dietary profile than traditional ground-based methods. We employed rbcL-based Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on five pooled fecal samples collected during the early dry season, complemented by the Point-Centered Quarter (PCQ) method and ethnobiological interviews. NGS analysis yielded 13,040 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), representing 28 orders, 47 families, 64 genera, and 29 species. Of these 47 families, 40.43% (19 families) were fully corroborated by both PCQ vegetation surveys and local interviews, underscoring the strong complementarity of these techniques. While the survey identified more than 40% tree species, the NGS data revealed a more specialized dietary niche. Field surveys effectively captured essential canopy food sources, whereas metabarcoding complemented these findings by identifying non-woody, rare, and understory taxa typically excluded from conventional tree plots. The three most abundant taxa based on Relative Read Abundance (RRA), Ficus benjamina, family Moraceae, and Gnetum spp., were identified as primary dietary components. Our findings yielded vital dietary data underscoring a practical conservation plan for Javan gibbons. We confirm that H. moloch selectively forages on specific taxa, with Moraceae serving as the predominant food source during the early dry season. Consequently, long-term conservation should prioritize restoring key fruit taxa and maintaining forest diversity to ensure their survival.
Co-Authors ADIFA RISA BAGASTA ARI SUSILOWATI DIAGAL WISNU PAMUNGKAS DWI SENDI PRIYONO FETRIA WIDIYANTI HADI WIWIT HENDRO CAHYONO M. ARIF ROMADLON MOHAMMAD SAIFUL MANSOR NUGROHO ANDI PURNOMO OKID PARAMA ASTIRIN PUGUH KARYANTO PUGUH KARYANTO SUNARTO SUNARTO TRI SETIA KURNIA NURI WIDYA MEGA RAHMAWATI