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All Journal Bisma The Journal of Counseling
Ni Ketut Suarni
Program Studi Bimbingan Konseling, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
Education Social Sciences

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Development of a Trait and Factor Counseling Guide to Improve Junior High School Students' Career Decision-Making Skills Simon Wudy; I Ketut Gading; Putu Ari Dharmayanti; Nyoman Dantes; I Ketut Dharsana; Ni Ketut Suarni
Bisma The Journal of Counseling Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Department of Guidance and Counseling, FIP, Undiksha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/bisma.v9i2.95715

Abstract

The low level of career decision-making ability among lower secondary students remains a critical issue, as it can hinder the formation of career pathways aligned with their interests and potential. Limited knowledge, insufficient information, and unclear career insights often lead to anxiety and uncertainty when students are required to make career-related choices, indicating the need for a structured and theory-based counselling intervention. This study aims to analyze the implementation procedures of Trait and Factor counselling services and to evaluate the content validity of the developed counselling guidebook. The research employed a development design using the 4D model. Participants included counselling experts, guidance and counselling teachers, and students involved in the limited trial phase. Data were collected through questionnaires using a content validity assessment instrument. The data were analyzed using content validity techniques and effectiveness testing through pre- and post-intervention assessments. The findings indicate that the Trait and Factor counselling guidebook possesses strong relevance and high content validity based on expert judgments, making it feasible for use as an intervention tool. Furthermore, the implementation of the Trait and Factor counselling approach demonstrated improvements in students’ career decision-making abilities, enabling them to make choices more confidently and purposefully. The study highlights the importance of utilizing theoretically grounded and validated guidebooks to support more structured and effective career counselling practices.
Cognitive Behavioral Counseling using Cognitive Restructuring Techniques to Reduce Social Loafing in Middle School Students Esther Lydia Rismawati; Ni Ketut Suarni; Wayan Eka Paramartha
Bisma The Journal of Counseling Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Department of Guidance and Counseling, FIP, Undiksha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/bisma.v9i2.99819

Abstract

Social loafing refers to the tendency of group members to exhibit reduced motivation or effort, to behave passively or remain silent in group settings, and to allow others to take responsibility for working on and completing group tasks. This study aimed to examine and describe the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral counseling using cognitive restructuring techniques in reducing social loafing among seventh-grade junior high school students. The research employed a quasi-experimental approach with a nonequivalent pretest–posttest control group design, in which an experimental class and a control class were selected based on the average scores obtained from a questionnaire. The population of this study consisted of seventh-grade junior high school students. Data analysis was conducted using parametric statistical analysis, specifically the independent samples t-test, followed by an effect size test. The results of the study indicate that cognitive behavioral counseling with cognitive restructuring techniques was effective in reducing social loafing among seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 6 Singaraja. The results of the parametric statistical test using the independent samples t-test showed p < α (0.000 < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected, indicating that cognitive behavioral counseling is effective in reducing students’ social loafing.
Co-Authors Esther Lydia Rismawati I Ketut Dharsana I Ketut Gading Nyoman Dantes Putu Ari Dharmayanti Simon Wudy Wayan Eka Paramartha