This study examines justice in Qur’anic discussions of polygamy through Fazlur Rahman’s double movement hermeneutics, focusing on Qur’an 4:3 and 4:129. It aims to reconstruct the moral principle of justice beyond its formal legal and distributive dimensions. Using qualitative library research, the study applies contextual and interpretive analysis to examine the historical context of the verses, identify their underlying moral principles, and consider their contemporary implications. The analysis indicates that discussions of justice in polygamy have largely emphasized measurable obligations, such as maintenance, time allocation, and equal treatment, while other ethical dimensions require further conceptual integration. This study therefore develops an analytical framework comprising four interconnected dimensions: material, affective, relational, and protective justice. These dimensions are presented as an analytical reconstruction derived from the application of Rahman’s hermeneutical approach, rather than as a framework explicitly formulated by Rahman himself. The study argues that evaluating polygamy requires attention not only to formal permissibility but also to the substantive realization of justice within marital relationships. From this perspective, monogamy may be more conducive to realizing comprehensive justice, although this conclusion is an ethical assessment rather than an absolute legal determination.