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All Journal Religio : Jurnal Studi Agama-agama
Zakaria , Mohammad
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Religion Social Sciences

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Textual Delegitimization of Christian Scriptures in Izhar al-Haqq of Rahmatullah Kairanawi Al Masud, Abdullah; Zakaria , Mohammad; Mahmud, Md. Abdullah Al; Alfian, Anang Gunaifi
Religió Jurnal Studi Agama-agama Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Department of Religious Studies, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Philosophy, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/religio.v15i2.3681

Abstract

Rahmatullah Kairanawi, a nineteenth-century Indian Islamic scholar and a groundbreaking critic of Christianity, witnessed the expansion of Christian missionaries sweeping across India. He responded through intellectual and polemical activism by producing several comparative theological works. His magnum opus, Izhar al-Haqq, fundamentally reshaped the understanding of Islam, providing a missiological apologia and influencing the peoples of both traditions. This paper is qualitative library research employing a content analysis approach. The primary source of this research is the book Izhar al-Haqq by Rahmatullah Kairanawi, while secondary sources include works on Muslim-Christian polemics, biblical studies, and historical accounts. The data are analyzed by identifying major themes, argumentative patterns, and discursive strategies used by Kairanawi in criticizing Christian scriptures and doctrines. The study finds that Izhar al-Haqq does not merely function as a refutational text but also constructs a textual delegitimization by exposing internal contradictions, anachronisms, and the historically contingent formation of biblical texts. The paper further demonstrates that Kairanawi’s approach represents an early model of modern Muslim apologetics that continues to shape contemporary Islam-Christian polemical engagements.
Co-Authors Al Masud, Abdullah Alfian, Anang Gunaifi Mahmud, Md. Abdullah Al